Mud Therapy Combined with Core Exercise for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Pilot, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 4
Change in muscle properties.
Intervention (n = 16)
Control (n = 15)
Group difference
Pre
Post
Pre
Post
Intervention pre-post
Control pre-post
Tone
L1-M
19.6 ± 3.4
18.3 ± 2.9
0.023
19.4 ± 3.5
18.9 ± 3.8
0.044
1.3 ± 1.9
0.5 ± 1.9
0.384
L3-M
19.2 ± 4.0
18.0 ± 2.9
0.046
19.0 ± 4.5
18.5 ± 3.9
0.293
1.1 ± 2.2
0.4 ± 2.4
0.649
L5-M
17.7 ± 3.3
16.2 ± 2.4
0.028
17.3 ± 3.2
16.4 ± 2.8
0.096
1.5 ± 2.6
1.0 ± 1.7
0.553
L1-L
17.4 ± 3.0
15.6 ± 2.5
0.005
16.8 ± 2.7
15.0 ± 2.1
0.027
1.8 ± 2.2
1.8 ± 2.4
0.752
L3-L
16.8 ± 2.9
16.2 ± 2.7
0.214
16.3 ± 3.4
16.3 ± 2.9
0.682
0.6 ± 1.7
0.0 ± 1.1
0.312
Stiffness
L1-M
377.4 ± 64.2
339.9 ± 76.0
0.014
401.3 ± 100.0
387.0 ± 97.0
0.017
22.5 ± 28.7
14.3 ± 17.4
0.243
L3-M
399.5 ± 92.3
379.8 ± 81.3
0.148
397.1 ± 112.2
394.9 ± 114.6
0.955
19.8 ± 40.1
3.2 ± 28.0
0.286
L5-M
345.9 ± 69.8
329.8 ± 68.1
0.115
343.3 ± 87.6
341.1 ± 72.0
0.865
16.2 ± 32.3
2.1 ± 29.3
0.268
L1-L
286.1 ± 46.4
276.0 ± 54.8
0.112
284.3 ± 54.0
271.0 ± 51.7
0.320
10.1 ± 27.4
13.3 ± 29.9
0.722
L3-L
266.6 ± 62.3
250.1 ± 55.6
0.074
269.1 ± 70.1
261.0 ± 65.5
0.649
16.5 ± 30.6
8.1 ± 28.8
0.268
Elasticity
L1-M
1.9 ± 0.4
1.9 ± 0.3
0.605
1.9 ± 0.5
1.9 ± 0.5
0.820
0.1 ± 0.5
0.0 ± 0.4
0.621
L3-M
1.8 ± 0.4
1.7 ± 0.3
0.088
1.8 ± 0.4
1.7 ± 0.4
0.378
0.1 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.2
0.441
L5-M
1.6 ± 0.4
1.4 ± 0.3
0.093
1.7 ± 0.5
1.6 ± 0.5
0.514
0.1 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.4
0.514
L1-L
1.4 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.2
0.052
1.4 ± 0.4
1.4 ± 0.3
0.670
0.1 ± 0.2
0.1 ± 0.2
0.277
L3-L
1.3 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.2
0.088
1.4 ± 0.3
1.3 ± 0.4
0.470
0.1 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.2
0.464
Relaxation
L1-M
14.3 ± 3.9
13.9 ± 3.6
0.469
16.0 ± 4.1
16.2 ± 4.7
0.609
0.4 ± 1.8
−0.2 ± 2.7
0.527
L3-M
15.7 ± 3.9
14.7 ± 3.8
0.093
16.5 ± 4.7
16.4 ± 4.1
0.865
0.9 ± 2.1
0.1 ± 2.1
0.295
L5-M
18.4 ± 4.4
18.0 ± 4.1
0.211
18.1 ± 4.8
17.8 ± 4.0
0.569
0.4 ± 1.1
0.2 ± 1.9
0.905
L1-L
19.6 ± 3.1
19.2 ± 3.3
0.669
20.2 ± 3.5
20.2 ± 4.4
0.320
0.4 ± 2.0
0.0 ± 4.3
0.514
L3-L
21.9 ± 3.6
21.0 ± 3.5
0.079
22.5 ± 4.3
22.3 ± 2.8
0.570
0.9 ± 2.2
0.1 ± 2.2
0.277
Creep
L1-M
1.0 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.2
0.127
1.0 ± 0.2
1.0 ± 0.3
0.932
0.1 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.2
0.212
L3-M
0.9 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.2
0.737
1.0 ± 0.3
1.0 ± 0.2
0.850
0.0 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.1
0.692
L5-M
1.2 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.2
0.105
1.2 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.2
0.306
0.0 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.2
0.621
L1-L
1.2 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.2
0.074
1.2 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.2
0.172
0.1 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.1
0.890
L3-L
1.3 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.2
0.125
1.4 ± 0.3
1.3 ± 0.2
0.532
0.1 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.2
0.553
L1-M: 2 cm lateral to the L1 spinous process; L3-M: 2 cm lateral to the L3 spinous process; L5-M: 2 cm lateral to the L5 spinous process; L1-L: 5 cm lateral to the L1 spinous process; L3-L: 5 cm lateral to the L1 spinous process. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. .
