Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Interventions on Chronic Low Back Pain Using Goal Attainment Scaling

Table 3

The improvement in goal achievement in GAS.

Target	N	Preintervention; Mean±SD	Postintervention; Mean±SD	Pre-post Difference; Mean±SD	Postintervention (%)with a score ≥ 0 (goal achieved)
1.1.1 Sleeping	51	−1.18 ± 0.39	−0.12 ± 0.91	1.06 ± 0.90	69
1.1.2 Emotion	18	−1.00 ± 0.00	0.17 ± 0.79	1.17 ± 0.79	72
1.2.1 Sense of pain	136	−1.14 ± 0.41	−0.15 ± 0.79	0.99 ± 0.77	74
1.2.2 Exercise tolerance	6	−1.00 ± 0.00	0.50 ± 1.38	1.50 ± 1.38	67
1.2.3 Joint function	39	−1.08 ± 0.27	0.03 ± 0.63	1.10 ± 0.68	85
2.1.1 Performance of multiple tasks	3	−1.00 ± 0.00	−0.67 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.58	33
2.1.2 Performance of daily routine	6	−1.17 ± 0.41	0.00 ± 0.63	1.17 ± 0.75	83
2.2.1 Basic body posture change	52	−1.12 ± 0.32	0.06 ± 0.85	1.17 ± 0.81	78
2.2.2 Sitting	48	−1.33 ± 0.48	−0.04 ± 1.05	1.29 ± 0.99	71
2.2.3 Standing	53	−1.38 ± 0.49	−0.38 ± 0.86	1.00 ± 0.76	74
2.2.4 Lifting and carrying objects	32	−1.22 ± 0.42	−0.09 ± 0.78	1.13 ± 0.91	72
2.2.5 Walking	69	−1.38 ± 0.49	−0.23 ± 0.94	1.14 ± 0.93	71
2.2.8 Driving	5	−1.20 ± 0.45	0.80 ± 1.30	2.00 ± 1.58	80
2.2.10 Dressing	7	−1.14 ± 0.69	−0.71 ± 0.76	0.43 ± 0.79	57
2.2.11 Self-care	6	−1.33 ± 0.52	−0.33 ± 1.21	1.00 ± 1.10	67
2.3.1 Shopping	8	−1.25 ± 0.46	−0.50 ± 1.20	0.75 ± 1.17	63
2.3.2 Housework	29	−1.17 ± 0.47	−0.28 ± 0.65	0.90 ± 0.72	69
2.4.1 Remunerative employment	10	−1.30 ± 0.48	−0.10 ± 1.29	1.20 ± 1.14	70
2.4.3 Leisure activities	14	−1.21 ± 0.43	−0.43 ± 0.85	0.79 ± 0.70	36
3.1.2 Physical or emotional support from professionals	9	−1.00 ± 0.00	0.22 ± 0.44	1.22 ± 0.44	100

Note: in comparison with preintervention scores.