Effect and Comparison of Luteolin and Its Derivative Sodium Luteolin-4′-sulfonate on Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through AMPK-Mediated PPARγ Signaling

Figure 2

Effect of luteolin and luteolin-OSO₃Na on the lipid accumulation of adipo-induced hBM-MSCs. (a) Cells were seeded in 6-well plates and induced to differentiate with adipocyte differentiation medium in the absence or presence of compounds (1, 5, and 10 μM). Following 10 days of incubation, intracellular lipid droplets of mature adipocytes were stained with Oil Red O. Lipid accumulation levels were calculated by the colorimetric quantification of the dye removed from the wells and given as percentage of adipo-induced untreated control group. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different letters (A–E) indicate statistically significant difference () by Duncan’s multiple range test. (b) Fluorescence micrographs of the adipo-induced hBM-MSCs at differentiation day 10, stained with FITC-conjugated anti-perilipin-1 antibody (red) and DAPI (blue) to highlight the nuclei. Scale bar, 100 μm [15].

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