Effect and Comparison of Luteolin and Its Derivative Sodium Luteolin-4′-sulfonate on Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through AMPK-Mediated PPARγ Signaling

Figure 3

Effect of luteolin and luteolin-OSO₃Na on the expression levels of key adipogenic differentiation markers, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c in adipo-induced hBM-MSCs. Cells were seeded in 6-well plates and induced with adipocyte differentiation medium in the absence or presence of compounds (1, 5, and 10 μM). Following 10 days of incubation, cell lysates were used for the detection of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c mRNA (a) and protein (b) levels employing RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. β-Actin was used as internal loading control. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different letters (A–G) indicate statistically significant difference () by Duncan’s multiple range test. (c) Fluorescence micrographs of the adipo-induced hBM-MSCs at differentiation day 10, stained with FITC-conjugated anti-PPARγ antibody (green) and DAPI (blue) to highlight the nuclei. Scale bar, 100 μm [15].

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