Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface Combined with Multimodal Feedback to Promote Upper Limb Motor Function after Stroke: A Preliminary Study

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the participants (N = 12).

Characteristics	MI-based BCI group (n = 7)	Classic MI group (n = 5)	value
Sex			0.408
Male	4	4
Female	3	1
Age (yr)	44.9 ± 7.5	60.4 ± 16.8	0.053
Stroke type			0.558
Ischemic	3	3
Hemorrhagic	4	2
Affected side			0.091
Right	3	0
Left	4	5
Poststroke duration (mo)	7.9 ± 6.5	7.3 ± 4.5	0.868

Mean ± standard deviation was used for the different baseline characteristics. MI-based BCI = motor imagery-based brain-computer interface; classic MI = classic motor imagery.