Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae) Increases Sexual Hormones and Sperm Parameters, Lowers Oxidative Stress, and Ameliorates Testicular Architecture in Rats with 3 Weeks of Experimental Varicocele

Table 4

Effects of Dracaena arborea on spermatozoa density, motility, viability, and normality in rats with varicocele.

Treatments	Spermatozoa parameters
	Side	Density (106 spzs/ml)	Motility (%)	Viability (%)	Normality (%)
2 weeks
Normal	Left	187.88 ± 8.39	74.54 ± 2.31	89.53 ± 1.64	91.08 ± 2.37
Sham		184.25 ± 11.25	76.16 ± 3.11	90.48 ± 2.61	90.86 ± 2.38
VAR + DW		116.13 ± 4.65	65.63 ± 4.47	84.19 ± 2.48	80.70 ± 2.43
VAR + Vit. E		154.88 ± 6.05	66.94 ± 8.92	88.33 ± 2.37	86.46 ± 2.05
VAR + AE 500		148.38 ± 4.66	68.67 ± 2.21	88.92 ± 1.63	85.72 ± 1.83
VAR + EE 100		129.88 ± 10.04	66.86 ± 4.15	87.87 ± 2.20	84.94 ± 3.14
Normal	Right	182.50 ± 3.54	75.77 ± 2.77	90.14 ± 3.12	90.56 ± 2.63
Sham		189.38 ± 15.11	75.96 ± 1.86	91.31 ± 4.23	91.05 ± 2.07
VAR + DW		142.13 ± 3.77	64.89 ± 3.16	85.45 ± 2.77	86.69 ± 3.04
VAR + Vit E		164.63 ± 2.28	70.05 ± 5.30	87.24 ± 1.33	88.47 ± 2.11
VAR + AE 500		165.13 ± 3.27	81.30 ± 3.14	86.57 ± 2.21	87.23 ± 1.66
VAR + EE 100		152.13 ± 10.30	72.08 ± 1.53	85.74 ± 1.96	87.09 ± 2.21
4 weeks
Normal	Left	178.38 ± 6.64	79.46 ± 0.67	90.44 ± 1.56	90.40 ± 1.62
Sham		179.25 ± 6.71	74.98 ± 0.27	88.52 ± 1.87	91.18 ± 1.35
VAR + DW		110.25 ± 2.51	55.88 ± 3.20	68.22 ± 1.42	67.72 ± 1.23
VAR + Vit E		140.63 ± 1.67	71.33 ± 1.38	87.48 ± 0.93	78.44 ± 1.27
VAR + AE 500		148.50 ± 2.59	68.16 ± 2.39	89.12 ± 1.09	81.46 ± 1.42
VAR + EE 100		133.75 ± 4.11	64.46 ± 3.31	87.06 ± 1.22	77.80 ± 1.74
Normal	Right	175.13 ± 1.74	74.46 ± 1.52	92.13 ± 1.53	89.38 ± 1.47
Sham		175.75 ± 4.93	76.83 ± 2.24	90.22 ± 0.90	91.87 ± 0.93
VAR + DW		117.75 ± 2.79	62.42 ± 1.56	85.19 ± 1.71	75.73 ± 1.72
VAR + Vit E		161.63 ± 3.46	75.06 ± 0.68	88.71 ± 1.39	82.77 ± 1.93
VAR + AE 500		165.25 ± 3.64	74.94 ± 1.10	91.25 ± 1.63	85.22 ± 0.87
VAR + EE 100		156.00 ± 0.64	72.94 ± 2.16	87.68 ± 1.40	80.44 ± 1.14

All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Number of rats per group = 5. VAR + DW = varicocele + distilled water (10 ml/kg); VAR + Vit E = varicocele + vitamin E (150 mg/kg); VAR + AE500 = varicocele + aqueous extract (500 mg/kg); and VAR + EE100 = varicocele + ethanol extract (100 mg/kg). , , and : significantly different compared with normal control. , , and : significantly different compared with VAR + DW.