Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae) Increases Sexual Hormones and Sperm Parameters, Lowers Oxidative Stress, and Ameliorates Testicular Architecture in Rats with 3 Weeks of Experimental Varicocele
Table 5
Effects of D. arborea on sperm abnormalities in rats with varicocele.
Treatments
Sperm abnormalities
Side
Head abnormality (%)
Tail abnormality (%)
Cytoplasmic droplet (%)
Tailless (%)
2 weeks
Normal
Left
6.82 ± 0.44
6.71 ± 0.84
2.58 ± 0.37
2.71 ± 0.36
Sham
5.94 ± 0.41
6.23 ± 0.30
2.72 ± 0.58
3.01 ± 0.40
VAR + DW
9.13 ± 0.63
12.26 ± 1.19
3.97 ± 0.66
5.11 ± 0.29
VAR + Vit. E
7.62 ± 0.39
8.19 ± 1.38
3.02 ± 0.41
4.33 ± 0.22
VAR + AE 500
7.84 ± 0.49
9.06 ± 1.14
3.22 ± 0.31
2.94 ± 0.68
VAR + EE 100
7.91 ± 0.37
11.35 ± 1.12
3.62 ± 0.44
4.82 ± 0.77
Normal
Right
4.32 ± 1.32
5.61 ± 0.45
1.87 ± 0.41
3.44 ± 0.77
Sham
4.11 ± 0.66
5.17 ± 0.37
1.32 ± 0.38
3.69 ± 0.62
VAR + DW
5.12 ± 0.44
7.69 ± 0.81
2.48 ± 0.52
4.22 ± 0.38
VAR + Vit. E
4.94 ± 0.62
5.73 ± 0.41
2.15 ± 0.34
3.82 ± 0.81
VAR + AE 500
2.63 ± 0.49
5.68 ± 0.57
2.21 ± 0.48
3.26 ± 0.52
VAR + EE 100
3.84 ± 0.53
6.70 ± 0.68
2.12 ± 0.66
4.08 ± 0.44
4 weeks
Normal
Left
7.12 ± 0.71
5.72 ± 0.49
1.98 ± 0.21
2.85 ± 0.51
Sham
6.81 ± 0.83
6.72 ± 0.60
2.13 ± 0.32
2.12 ± 0.39
VAR + DW
12.18 ± 0.92
17.82 ± 1.22
4.87 ± 0.63
8.40 ± 0.68
VAR + Vit. E
8.69 ± 0.77
10.79 ± 1.05
3.82 ± 0.44
6.10 ± 0.71
VAR + AE 500
11.08 ± 1.05
11.67 ± 1.14
2.78 ± 0.61
7.34 ± 0.48
VAR + EE 100
10.88 ± 1.11
12.63 ± 1.68
2.75 ± 0.50
7.67 ± 0.79
Normal
Right
5.50 ± 0.88
4.81 ± 0.51
1.86 ± 0.07
2.18 ± 0.65
Sham
5.19 ± 0.44
5.11 ± 0.39
2.08 ± 0.21
1.77 ± 0.26
VAR + DW
8.49 ± 0.81
9.64 ± 0.91
4.22 ± 0.30
5.18 ± 0.32
VAR + Vit. E
6.12 ± 0.45
6.37 ± 0.68
3.12 ± 0.26
4.22 ± 0.70
VAR + AE 500
7.42 ± 0.85
7.19 ± 1.06
2.18 ± 0.32
3.28 ± 0.69
VAR + EE 100
6.90 ± 0.79
7.40 ± 0.86
3.03 ± 0.37
3.90 ± 0.40
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Number of rats per group = 5. VAR + DW = varicocele + distilled water (10 ml/kg); VAR + Vit E = varicocele + vitamin E (150 mg/kg); VAR + AE500 = varicocele + aqueous extract (500 mg/kg); and VAR + EE100 = varicocele + ethanol extract (100 mg/kg). and : significantly different compared with normal control. and : significantly different compared with VAR + DW.
