[Retracted] Clinical Analysis of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Resection of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules and Influencing Factors in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Nodules

Table 2

Univariate analysis of diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules (n, %).

Clinical information	Benign (n = 98)	Malignant (n = 219)	χ^2 value	value
Gender	—	—	0.347	0.556
Male	52 (53.06%)	124 (56.62%)	—	—
Female	46 (46.94%)	95 (43.38%)	—	—
Age	—	—	5.688	0.001
≥45 years old	42 (42.86%)	137 (62.56%)	—	—
<45 years old	56 (57.14%)	82 (37.44%)	—	—
Clinical symptoms	—	—	1.507	0.261
Yes	55 (56.12%)	98 (44.75%)	—	—
No	43 (43.88%)	121 (55.25%)
Smoking history	—	—	0.235	0.627
Yes	37 (37.76%)	89 (40.64%)	—	—
No	61 (62.24%)	130 (59.36%)	—	—
Past history of tumor	—	—	0.815	0.367
Yes	6 (6.12%)	20 (9.13%)	—	—
No	92 (93.88%)	199 (90.87%)	—	—
Maximum nodule diameter (mm)	—	—	4.878	0.009
≤20 mm	52 (53.06%)	84 (38.36%)	—	—
21–30 mm	46 (46.94%)	135 (61.64%)	—	—
Lesion site	—	—	0.527	0.459
Upper lobe of right lung	35 (35.71%)	61 (27.85%)	—	—
Middle lobe of right lung	12 (12.24%)	19 (8.68%)	—	—
Lower lobe of the right lung	17 (17.35%)	41 (18.72%)	—	—
Upper lobe of the left lung	19 (19.39%)	60 (27.40%)	—	—
Lower lobe of left lung	15 (15.31%)	38 (17.35%)	—	—
Calcification	—	—	4.168	0.016
Yes	23 (23.47%)	3 (1.37%)	—	—
No	75 (76.53%)	216 (98.63%)	—	—
Lobarization sign	—	—	3.824	0.019
Yes	11 (11.22%)	168 (76.71%)	—	—
No	87 (88.78%)	51 (23.29%)	—	—
Burr sign	—	—	4.018	0.017
Yes	36 (36.73%)	172 (78.54%)	—	—
No	53 (54.08%)	47 (21.46%)	—	—
Vascular cluster sign	—	—	4.681	0.010
Yes	4 (4.08%)	72 (32.88%)	—	—
No	94 (95.92%)	147 (67.12%)	—	—
Vacuolation sign	—	—	2.042	0.183
Yes	12 (12.24%)	39 (17.81%)	—	—
No	86 (87.76%)	180 (82.19%)	—	—
Pleural depression sign	—	—	3.594	0.021
Yes	18 (18.37%)	174 (79.45%)	—	—
No	80 (81.63%)	45 (20.55%)	—	—