Direct-Contact Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Pulse Lavage Eradicates Biofilms on Implant Materials In Vitro

<div>Confocal laser scanning microscopic images showing <i>S. aureus</i> of control, pulse lavage (PL), and direct-contact low-frequency ultrasound (DCLFU) treatment groups. Live cells are stained green (appears bright in grayscale) and dead cells are strained red (appears dim in grayscale). The scale bar represents 100 <i>μ</i>m magnification.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 2: Direct-Contact Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Pulse Lavage Eradicates Biofilms on Implant Materials In Vitro 