Phyllanthus reticulatus Prevents Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer via Downregulation of IL-8 and TNF-α Levels

Figure 1

Gastric mucosa of animal from the naive control group showing normal architecture and structure. Mucosal glands showing normal ductal structure (a). Gastric mucosa of rats from the vehicle control group showing infiltration of inflammatory cells, erosions, and ulcer (green), sloughing of epithelial cells (blue), and also extensive fibrinoid necrotic areas with edematous transudate (yellow) (b). Gastric mucosa of rats from the Meth-treated group showing mild inflammatory infiltrate score and edematous mucosa (green). It shows no hemorrhage. Mild epithelial erosion is visible (yellow). Extensive fibronecrotic change was present (c). Gastric mucosa of rat from the NH-treated group showing no hemorrhage score. It shows mild fibrinous necrosis and edema (red). It shows multifocal sloughing of epithelial cells and disarray of the epithelial lining (green) (d). Gastric mucosa of animals from the EA-treated group showing no inflammatory cells, no hemorrhage, and ulcer. High columnar epithelia and normal architecture of mucosal glands is also detected (green) (e). Gastric mucosa of rat from the OM-treated group showing mild erosion (green) and no hemorrhage. It shows edematous mucosa (red) and no inflammatory infiltrate score (f).