[Retracted] Chemical Composition, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Effects of Betel Nut

Table 1

Ingredients of betel nut [17].

Classification	Ingredient name
Alkaloids	Arecaidine
	Arecaine
	Arecatannin a1
	Arecatannin a2
	Arecolidine
	Arecoline
	Arecoline
	4-Quinazolone
	α-Dichroine
	β-Dichroine
	Guvacine
	Guvacoline
	Homoarecoline
	Isoguvacine
	Methyl N-methylpiperidine-3-carboxylate
	Ethyl N-methylpiperidine-3-carboxylate
	Ethyl nicotinate
	Nicotine
Flavonoids	Isorhamnetin
	Chrysoeriol
	Luteolin
	Quercetin
	Glycyrrhizin
	Jacareubin
	4-Hydroxyhydrangenol
Tannins	(+)-Catechin
	Procyanidin A1, B1, B2, B3
	Arecatannin A1, A2, A3
	Arecatannin B1, B2
	Arecatannin C1
Terpenoids	3-Carene
	Procurcumenol
	Ursonic acid
	3-Acetylursolic acid,
	Arborinol
	Arborinol methyl ether
	Fernenol
	Arundoin
Steroids	Cycloartenol
	5, 8-Epidioxiergosta-6
	Beta-sitosterol
	22-Dien-3-ol
	Stigmasta-4-en-3-one
Fatty acids	2-Lauroleic acid
	Arachidic acid
	Cis-4-dodecenoic acid
	Cis-9, cis-12-linoleic acid
	Myristic acid
	Oleic acid
	Palmitic acid
Others	Vanillin
	Alpha-terpineol
	Benzyl alcohol
	Capric acid
	Caproic acid
	Resveratrol
	Quinic acid
	Dicoumarin