Effects of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture Compared with Sham Acupuncture on the Explosive Force Production by the Forearm Muscles in Female: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Mean ± SD of the elbow joint flexion (Flex) muscles before and after acupuncture for each variable.
Characteristic
Treatment
Pre
Post
Delta
values
Main effects (time)
Main effects (group)
Interaction (time group)
Average max torque Flex/kg (nm/kg)
SA
0.35 ± 0.10
0.32 ± 0.08
−0.09
0.469
0.058
0.033
TCA
0.34 ± 0.07
0.41 ± 0.09
0.41
Average work Flex/kg (J/kg)
SA
0.34 ± 0.11
0.36 ± 0.08
0.06
0.004
0.058
0.021
TCA
0.33 ± 0.13
0.49 ± 0.15
0.48
Average power Flex/kg (J/kg)
SA
0.19 ± 0.09
0.20 ± 0.08
0.05
0.012
0.018
0.040
TCA
0.26 ± 0.15
0.34 ± 0.16
0.31
Average peak power Flex/kg (W/kg)
SA
0.31 ± 0.16
0.31 ± 0.15
0.00
0.007
0.031
0.001
TCA
0.47 ± 0.27
0.51 ± 0.28
0.09
Average max speed Flex/kg (deg/skg)
SA
1.02 ± 0.29
0.97 ± 0.21
−0.05
0.238
0.009
0.023
TCA
1.16 ± 0.27
1.13 ± 0.29
0.13
Total work Flex (J)
SA
236.94 ± 61.23
253.96 ± 56.19
0.07
0.001
0.087
0.019
TCA
234.32 ± 58.00
315.49 ± 62.46
0.35
Stiffness Flex (Nm/kgdeg)
SA
0.008 ± 0.003
0.007 ± 0.002
−0.13
0.763
0.005
0.027
TCA
0.009 ± 0.003
0.011 ± 0.004
0.11
Note: values are mean ± SD. TCA, traditional Chinese acupuncture; SA, sham acupuncture. There are significant differences in the interaction between group and time ().
