Research Article

Identification and Analysis of Chemical Constituents and Rat Serum Metabolites in Gushuling Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Coupled with Novel Informatics UNIFI Platform

Table 1

Identification of chemical constituents of GSL by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

NO.Observed RT (min)FormulaObserved m/zMass error (ppm)AdductsFragment (+/−)IdentificationStructure classOrigin

11.63C6H12O5209.06701.3[M+HCOO]89.0255RAMSaccharideHQ
21.64C5H10O5195.0510−0.2[M+HCOO]89.0255XLSSaccharideHQ
31.66C23H24O11475.12878.6[M-H]89.0255, 179.0563, 290.0864, 341.10847,2′-Dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucosideFlavonoidsHQ
41.67C6H12O6203.0522−2.2[M+Na]+, [M+K]+127.0388InositolOthersYYH
51.68C10H14O3205.08360.4[M+Na]+127.03883,4,5-TrimethoxytolueneOthersYYH
61.69C27H32O12593.18790.6[M+HCOO]89.0255, 179.0563, 290.0864, 341.1084, 377.0850Maohuoside AFlavonoidsYYH
71.76C21H22O7431.13817.8[M+HCOO]128.0362Wanepimedoside_qtFlavonoidsYYH
85.25C16H18O9353.0867−3.1[M−H]191.0556Chlorogenic acidPhenylpropanoids (phenylpropionic acid)YYH
C16H18O9355.10414.9[M+H]+, [M+Na]+163.0387Chlorogenic acidPhenylpropanoids (phenylpropionic acid)YYH
96.44C19H30O8431.189−6.6[M+HCOO]163.0409, 173.0463, 219.0629Icariside B1Terpenoids (monocyclic monoterpenoids)YYH
106.49C19H28O10461.17048.6[M+HCOO]219.0629Icariside D1Terpenoids (monocyclic monoterpenoids)YYH
116.87C26H36O12539.21492.7[M−H]317.0238, 479.0789, 491.1857Icariside E1Phenylpropanoids (phenylpropanols)YYH
126.92C21H20O13479.0807−5.1[M−H]316.0208IsomyricitrinFlavonoidsYYH
137.22C32H38O15697.1844−8.8[M+Cl]191.0563, 219.0647, 593.1515Ikarisoside BFlavonoidsYYH
147.86C22H22O10491.1183−2.5[M+HCOO]283.0601Calycosin-7-glucosideFlavonoidsHQ
C22H22O10447.1279−1.4[M+H]+285.0749Calycosin-7-glucosideFlavonoidsHQ
157.92C21H20O12463.0849−7.1[M−H]285.0396, 431.0962HyperosideFlavonoidsYYH NX
168.00C15H10O7303.05206.8[M+H]+287.0543RobinetinFlavonoidsYYH
178.17C28H34O12597.17989.1[M+Cl]193.0869, 219.0659, 237.0750, 399.1276Caohuoside DFlavonoidsYYH
188.39C27H44O7525.3065−0.8[M+HCOO], [M+Cl]159.1057, 193.0869, 219.0659EcdysteroneSteroidsNX
C27H44O7481.3134−5.5[M+K]+, [M+Na]+371.2244, 445.2923EcdysteroneSteroidsNX
198.42C22H32O11517.1889−7.2[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]177.0907, 471.1833Eugenol rutinosidePhenylpropanoids (Styrene)YYH
2010.13C29H38O15625.2131−1.1[M−H]261.0762, 279.0868, 291.0852Isomucronulatol-7,2′-di-O-glucosioleFlavonoidsHQ
2111.14C16H12O5283.0599−4.7[M−H]268.0381WogoninFlavonoidsNX
C16H12O5285.07694.0[M+H]+270.0515WogoninFlavonoidsNX
2212.07C32H38O16677.2074−1.9[M−H]353.0993, 514.1457, 515.1522, 557.1635Hexandraside EFlavonoidsYYH
C32H38O16679.2231−0.3[M+H]+, [M+Na]+299.0524, 355.1186, 517.1787Hexandraside EFlavonoidsYYH
2312.18C43H68O14853.46193.3[M+HCOO], [M−H]96.9603, 451.32681-O-{(3β,5ξ,9ξ)-3-[(6-Methyl-β-D-glucopyranuronosyl)oxy]-28-oxoolean-12-en-28-yl}-β-D-glucopyranoseTriterpenoidsNX
2412.41C29H50O453.3471−4.8[M+K]+343.3055SitosterolSteroidsYYH NX
2512.81C38H48O20825.2805−0.8[M+H]+299.0541, 355.1165, 517.1669, 663.2131Diphylloside AFlavonoidsYYH
C38H48O20869.2693−3.2[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]146.9657, 353.1024, 514.1468, 661.2136, 807.2701Diphylloside AFlavonoidsYYH
2613.06C37H46O19793.25640.4[M−H], [M+Cl], [M+HCOO]285.0389, 431.0974, 631.2028Epimedoside DFlavonoidsYYH
C37H46O19795.2681−3.2[M+H]+287.0541, 299.0538, 355.1168, 517.1700Epimedoside DFlavonoidsYYH
2713.29C37H44O17805.2492−8.5[M+HCOO]146.9657, 353.1024, 514.1468, 661.2136EpimedosideFlavonoidsYYH
2813.32C38H48O19807.2703−1.8[M−H]146.9657, 353.1024, 514.1468, 661.2136Diphylloside BFlavonoidsYYH
C38H48O19831.2681−0.2[M+Na]+121.0269, 299.0541, 355.1166, 547.1760Diphylloside BFlavonoidsYYH
2913.39C32H38O15707.21950.3[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]146.9657, 353.1024, 514.1468Epimedoside AFlavonoidsYYH
C32H38O15663.2275−1.2[M+H]+, [M+Na]+121.0269, 299.0541, 355.1166, 547.1760Epimedoside AFlavonoidsYYH
3013.41C26H30O11517.1680−6.9[M−H]219.0671, 327.1270, 383.1110(2S,3S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl β-D-glucopyranosideFlavonoidsYYH
3114.13C22H22O9475.1212−7.0[M+HCOO]267.0642, 353.0994OnoninFlavonoidsHQ
C22H22O9431.1325−2.8[M+H]+269.0797OnoninFlavonoidsHQ
3215.81C12H22O6301.10696.9[M+K]+167.07133-Hexenyl-β-glucopyranosideSaccharideYYH
3316.05C16H12O5283.0604−2.9[M−H]148.0159, 268.0364CalycosinFlavonoidsHQ
C16H12O5285.0751−2.3[M+K]+, [M+Na]+270.0508CalycosinFlavonoidsHQ
3417.76C39H50O19883.28820.6[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]146.9654, 251.0307, 529.1697, 675.2292Epimedin AFlavonoidsYYH
C39H50O19839.2961−0.9[M+K]+, [M+Na]+313.0700, 369.1326, 531.1852Epimedin AFlavonoidsYYH
3518.46C38H48O18853.27740.2[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]146.9656, 366.1101, 551.1510, 645.2186Epimedin BFlavonoidsYYH
C38H48O18809.2855−0.9[M+H]+, [M+K]+313.0698, 369.1322, 531.1849, 677.2419Epimedin BFlavonoidsYYH
3618.88C21H20O6369.1322−2.9[M+H]+243.0640, 313.0699IcaritinFlavonoidsYYH
3718.93C39H50O19867.2924−0.5[M+HCOO], [M−H], [M+Cl]146.9660, 366.1099, 551.1497, 659.2339Epimedin CFlavonoidsYYH
C39H50O19823.3014−0.6[M+H]+, [M+K]+129.0545, 313.0699, 369.1322, 515.1931, 531.1852Epimedin CFlavonoidsYYH
3818.99C22H24O7439.1143−2.5[M+K]+, [M+Na]+239.0905, 301.06773,5,7-Trihydroxy-8-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-oneFlavonoidsYYH
3919.17C41H52O21881.31144.6[M+H]+85.0294, 135.0437, 243.0645, 313.0698, 369.1321Hexandraside BFlavonoidsYYH
C41H52O21879.2921−0.8[M−H]267.0300, 367.0621, 451.0672, 513.1100, 613.1210Hexandraside BFlavonoidsYYH
4019.21C27H30O11575.1754−2.9[M+HCOO], [M−H]175.0025, 351.0861, 367.1169, 513.1748Icariside IFlavonoidsYYH
C27H30O11531.1850−2.1[M+H]+, [M+Na]+85.0294, 135.0437, 243.0645, 313.0698, 369.1321Icariside IFlavonoidsYYH
4119.22C33H40O15721.2337−1.7[M+HCOO], [M+Cl]175.0025, 281.0437, 367.1169, 451.0672, 513.1748IcariinFlavonoidsYYH
C33H40O15677.2433−1.1[M+H]+, [M+K]+135.0437, 313.0698, 369.1321, 531.1851IcariinFlavonoidsYYH
4219.23C20H24O6399.12152.7[M+K]+135.0437LariciresinolPhenylpropanoids (lignans)HQ
4319.26C28H24O13569.1236−9.4[M+H]+85.0294, 135.0437, 313.0698, 369.13218-Hydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-1-anthracenyl 6-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosideAnthraquinonesNX
4419.63C25H30O8481.1785−9.9[M+Na]+387.1427RubschisantherinPhenylpropanoids (lignans)NX
4520.82C36H42O17747.2483−1.5[M+H]+299.0532, 355.1114Korepimedoside AFlavonoidsYYH
C36H42O17745.2332−2.3[M−H]121.0304, 352.0934, 367.1168, 499.1620, 583.1812Korepimedoside AFlavonoidsYYH
4620.94C41H52O21879.2892−4.1[M−H]367.1156, 381.0964, 571.1715, 673.2076Korepimedoside CFlavonoidsYYH
4721.01C56H88O251199.52641.5[M+K]+369.1320, 383.1110, 882.4549, 1059.5290Achyranthoside D trimethyl esterTriterpenoidsNX
4821.08C52H84O191013.57234.3[M+H]+295.0576, 311.0891, 385.1281, 882.4549Chikusetsusaponin V butyl esterTriterpenoidsNX
4921.09C53H82O251117.5026−4.1[M−H]312.0607, 383.1097, 529.1652, 631.2021, 997.4956Achyranthoside DTriterpenoidsNX
5021.11C47H74O18949.4763−0.5[M+Na]+295.0576, 311.0891, 882.4549Chikusetsusaponin IVTriterpenoidsNX
C47H74O18925.4757−4.9[M−H]139.1120, 171.1024, 211.1335, 229.1434, 367.1184Chikusetsusaponin IVTriterpenoidsNX
5121.19C48H76O19955.4884−2.5[M−H], [M + HCOO]+352.0934, 367.1168, 631.2021, 793.4236Ginsenoside Ro∗TriterpenoidsNX
5221.24C31H36O14631.2021−1.8[M−H]121.0304, 352.0934, 367.1168, 583.1812Ikarisoside FFlavonoidsYYH
C31H36O14633.2146−5.0[M+H]+299.0526, 369.1327, 385.1281Ikarisoside FFlavonoidsYYH
5321.28C45H60O241023.31867.8[M+K]+299.0526, 369.1327, 531.1847, 915.3315AcuminatosideFlavonoidsYYH
5421.31C27H30O11529.1669−8.8[M−H]121.0304, 219.0656, 383.1102, 513.1729WushanicariinFlavonoidsYYH
5521.56C35H42O16763.2415−5.2[M + HCOO]367.1184, 381.0975, 555.1833, 645.2117Sagittatoside CFlavonoidsYYH
C35H42O16719.25916.3[M+H]+313.0706, 369.1324, 383.1134, 385.1288, 531.1848Sagittatoside CFlavonoidsYYH
5621.61C46H74O14873.4927−5.0[M+Na]+729.3908Taibaienoside IVTriterpenoidsNX
5721.78C20H18O6353.1015−4.3[M−H]252.04198-PrenylkaempferolFlavonoidsYYH
C20H18O6355.1173−0.9[M+H]+253.0480, 269.0803, 299.05508-PrenylkaempferolFlavonoidsYYH
5821.79C16H12O4267.0656−2.4[M−H]252.0419FormononetinFlavonoidsHQ
C16H12O4269.0803−2.0[M+H]+, [M+Na]+118.0413, 253.0480FormononetinFlavonoidsHQ
5922.23C17H16O5301.10803.3[M+H]+167.0694(6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofurano[3,2-c]chromen-3-olFlavonoidsHQ
6022.33C47H72O20955.4528−1.7[M−H]382.1079, 645.2166, 835.4451, 925.4768Achyranthoside CTriterpenoidsNX
C47H72O20995.4167−8.2[M+K]+272.2571, 299.0537, 383.1132Achyranthoside CTriterpenoidsNX
6123.03C32H38O14645.21900.2[M−H], [M+Cl] [M+HCOO]223.0282, 366.1100Sagittatoside BFlavonoidsYYH
C32H38O14647.2329−0.7[M+H]+, [M+Na]+191.0005, 207.0315, 313.0700, 369.1321Sagittatoside BFlavonoidsYYH
6223.54C17H20O6343.11633.2[M+Na]+131.04911,2-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediolPhenylpropanoids (phenylpropionic acid)YYH
6323.89C27H30O10513.1762−0.7[M−H]146.9659, 217.0478, 351.0867, 366.1100Icariside IIFlavonoidsYYH
C27H30O10515.1900−2.2[M+H]+, [M+K]+, [M+Na]+135.0434, 243.0638, 313.0698, 369.1322Icariside IIFlavonoidsYYH
6423.90C21H20O6369.1321−3.2[M+H]+135.0434, 243.0638, 313.0698AnhydroicaritinFlavonoidsYYH
6524.53C42H66O14793.4358−2.7[M−H], [M+HCOO]209.0450, 367.1171Zingibroside R1TriterpenoidsNX
6624.58C19H30O9437.16034.3[M+Cl]209.0450Icariside B3Terpenoids (Monocyclic monoterpenoids)YYH
6725.14C41H64O12793.43911.5[M+HCOO]469.3326, 487.3421Acetylastragaloside I_qtTriterpenoidsHQ
6825.55C20H18O5337.1068−4.0[M−H]282.0493Yinyanghuo DFlavonoidsYYH
C20H18O5339.12270.0[M+H]+283.0583Yinyanghuo DFlavonoidsYYH
6925.84C25H26O6421.16662.2[M−H]351.1189Yinyanghuo BFlavonoidsYYH
C25H26O6423.18296.5[M+H]+349.1055Yinyanghuo BFlavonoidsYYH
7026.15C18H32O3297.2423−0.3[M+H]+119.085513-Hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acidOrganic acidsHQ
7126.23C41H62O15793.4010−0.8[M−H]631.3795, 673.3972Achyranthoside C_qtTriterpenoidsNX
7226.71C45H56O231003.28955.1[M+K]+313.0709Korepimedoside BFlavonoidsYYH
7326.94C27H44O7481.31620.4[M+H]+251.1605InokosteroneSteroidsNX
7428.62C16H30O2277.21494.1[M+Na]+223.16952,15-HexadecanedioneOthersYYH
7529.06C25H24O6421.1631−3.6[M+H]+367.1135Yinyanghuo AFlavonoidsYYH
7629.63C21H20O5351.1228−2.9[M−H]293.0440Artonin UFlavonoidsYYH
C21H20O5353.1355−8.2[M+H]+297.0770Artonin UFlavonoidsYYH
7729.76C37H60O10699.3821−8.5[M+Cl]277.2148, 353.2030AstragalosideII_qtTriterpenoidsHQ
7830.20C25H26O5405.1700−1.8[M−H]295.05948,3′-diprenylapigeninFlavonoidsYYH
C25H26O5407.1848−1.2[M+H]+149.0233, 295.0598, 351.12248,3′-diprenylapigeninFlavonoidsYYH
7932.96C16H22O4301.1402−2.7[M+Na]+, [M+H]+, [M+K]+149.0231DBPOthersNX
8037.98C30H48O3455.3506−5.3[M−H], [M+HCOO]277.2164Oleanolic acidTriterpenoidsYYH NX
8138.19C18H30O2279.2309−3.4[M+H]+95.0854Linolenic acidOrganic acidsHQ
8238.31C22H22O11507.11705.2[M+HCOO], [M+Cl]223.0281Rhamnocitrin-3-O-glucosideFlavonoidsHQ
C22H22O11501.08429.7[M+K]+191.0004, 207.0315, 281.0502Rhamnocitrin-3-O-glucosideFlavonoidsHQ
8341.16C18H32O2281.2470−1.9[M+H]+95.0852EICOrganic acidsHQ
8444.22C21H18O11447.09598.4[M+H]+191.0001BaicalinFlavonoidsNX
8546.85C47H78O18931.53539.8[M+H]+115.0034, 147.0651, 553.3685Asernestioside ATriterpenoidsHQ
8646.86C27H30O16655.15748.8[M+HCOO]91.0223, 223.0270RutinFlavonoidsYYH NX HQ
C27H30O16633.14879.6[M+Na]+, [M+H]+, [M+K]+115.0034, 147.0651, 190.9999, 207.0309, 355.068RutinFlavonoidsYYH NX HQ
8748.41C49H80O191011.49441.8[M+K]+147.0656, 184.0726, 621.3171Asernestioside BTriterpenoidsHQ
8849.83C17H14O6315.08867.2[M+H]+207.0301, 281.0486JaranolFlavonoidsHQ
8950.62C35H60O6621.43770.8[M+HCOO], [M+Cl]277.2198DaucosterolSteroidsYYH NX
9052.31C33H42O15717.2087−9.5[M+K]+221.0835, 429.0876Wanepimedoside AFlavonoidsYYH
9157.66C20H36O2309.2763−8.2[M+H]+89.0612Linoelaidyl acetateOthersYYH
9257.75C29H38O16665.21159.5[M+Na]+133.08545′-Hydroxyiso-muronulatol-2′,5′-di-O-glucosideSaccharideHQ
9357.90C29H48O413.37964.3[M+H]+95.0869StigmasterolSteroidsNX

YYH: Herba Epimedii; NX: Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae; HQ: Radix Astragali; Compared with a reference standard.