Panax notoginseng Saponin Promotes Bone Regeneration in Distraction Osteogenesis via the TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

BMSC cultivation and identification. (a–c) The morphology of BMSCs at day 3 (a), day 5 (b), and day 8 (c) of culture. Cells displayed a typical elongated spindle shape. (d) Cell surface markers of BMSCs. Over 93% MSCs expressed the positive markers CD44, CD90, and CD105, while only a few cells (<1.2%) expressed the negative markers CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. (e) The results of osteogenic induction were seen on alizarin red staining.