Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicological Aspects

Table 3

Bioactive compounds reported from C. spinosa.

Chemical class	Compounds	Plant parts	References
Lignans	Catunaregin, epicatunaregin, balanophonin, ficusal, 5″-methoxy-4″-O-(8- guaiacylglycerol)buddlenol A, pinoresinol, medioresinol, secoisolariciresinol	Stem bark	[13, 31, 44]
Coumarins and isocoumarin	Scopoletin, scoparone, 3-(2-hydroxypropyl)-8-hydroxyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin	Stem bark	[13]
Steroids, triterpenoids, and their glycosides (saponins)	Catunaroside A, catunaroside B, catunaroside C, catunaroside D, catunaroside E, catunaroside F, catunaroside G, catunaroside H, catunaroside I, catunaroside J, catunaroside K, catunaroside L, Arjunetoside, Randiasaponin IV, swartziatrioside, araliasaponin V, araliasaponin IV, mussaendoside J, daucosterol, β-sitosterol, lupeol, 1-keto-3-hydroxyoleanane, randialic acid B	Stem bark	[9, 13, 19, 45, 47–50]
	Urosaponin, dumetorinins A-F, randianin, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶3)-β-D-6-O-methyl-glucuronopyranosyl oxy]-2β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-O-[β-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1⟶3)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1⟶2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β,23-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid and olenolic acid, 3-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶3)-(β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)]oleanolic acid, 3-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶3)-(β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)]oleanolic acid, randioside A	Fruits	[9, 18, 20, 43, 51, 52]
	1-Keto-3α-hydroxyoleanane, α-amyrin, β-amyrin	Root bark	[19]
Iridoids	11-Methylioxiside	Leaves	[9, 21, 46]
	3-Deoxyartselaenin C, morindolide	Stem bark	[13]