|
| Antimicrobial agents | Combinations | Mechanisms | Ref |
|
| Antibiotics | Aminoglycosides | Inhibiting protein synthesis | [9, 163] |
| Glycopeptides | Interfering with the construction of the cell wall |
| Penicillins | Interfering with the construction of the cell wall |
| Quinolones | Preventing DNA replication and transcription |
| Rifamycins | Inhibiting transcription |
| Tetracyclines | Inhibiting protein synthesis |
| Actinobolin | Obstructing protein synthesis |
|
| AMEs | Lysozyme | Catalyzing glycosidic bond hydrolysis in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans | [9, 164, 165] |
| Acylase | Quorum-quenching |
|
| AMPs | Natural | Pore construction in membrane | [19, 166] |
| Inhibition of metabolism |
| Synthetic AMPs | Pore construction in membrane |
| Inhibition of metabolism |
|
| Cationic compounds | Chitosan | Disruption of cell membrane | [9, 167] |
| Chlorhexidine | Disruption of cell walls |
| Poly(ε-lysine) | Destroying the outer membrane |
| QACs | Interference with enzymes |
|
| Metal and metal oxides | Ag nanoparticles | Making oxidative stresses | [168–170] |
| Disabling enzymes of bacteria |
| Affecting the permeability of the cell membranes |
| Cu nanoparticles | ROS construction |
| Lipid peroxidation in membranes |
| TiO2 nanoparticles | ROS construction
Disrupting phosphorylation |
| ZnO nanoparticles | Making ROS |
| Making membrane more permeable |
|
| Other noncationic compounds | Nitric oxide givers | Making nitrosative stresses
Making oxidative stresses | [9, 13, 171] |
| Disruption in signaling |
| Triclosan | Disrupting synthesis of fatty acid |
|
| Natural materials | Tea | Disruption of membrane | [26, 172, 173] |
| Inhibiting salivary amylase activity |
| Propolis | Interaction with bacterial membrane |
| Cranberry | Inhibition of biofilm formation |
|
| Amino acids | Arginine | Keeping a well dental biofilm | [70, 118, 157, 174–177] |
|
| Antioxidants | Antioxidants | Disrupting proteins, decreasing bacterial EPS | [178] |
|
