The Effect of Curcuma longa on Inflammatory Mediators and Immunological, Oxidant, and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Asthmatic Rats

Figure 5

The effect of C. longa on IFN-γ (a), IL-4 (b), and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (c) in control animals (C), asthma group (A), and asthmatic groups treated with dexamethasone (D) and C. longa (CL) (0.75 mg/ml, 1.50 mg/ml, and 3.00 mg/ml) (for each group, n = 8). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.  < 0.01,  < 0.001, compared to group C. ⁺ < 0.05, ⁺⁺ < 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺ < 0.001, compared to group A. ^## < 0.01, ^### < 0.001, compared to group D. ^x < 0.05, ^xx < 0.01, ^xxx < 0.001, comparison among three concentrations of C. longa. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer’s post-test.

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(b)

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