Protective Effect of NGR1 against Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells by Upregulating the SIRT1/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

Figure 4

NGR1 alleviates HT22 cells apoptosis, oxidative stress, increase of Ca²⁺, and mitochondrial dysfunction through upregulating SIRT1. HT22 cells viability was measured by the MTT assay (48 h) (a). The expression of SIRT, PINK1, Parkin, Bcl-2, and Bax in cells measured by Western blotting (b), (f), and (e). The levels of SOD and GSH were measured by assay kits. The level of ROS measured by flow cytometry (c). The apoptotic ratio and the level of Ca²⁺ detected by flow cytometry (d) and (g). was considered significant compared to control (); ## was considered significant compared to Glu treatment (); △△ was considered significant compared to Glu and NGR1 treatment (); $$ was considered significant compared to nicotinamide treatment ().

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