Saikosaponin D Inhibits the Proliferation and Promotes the Apoptosis of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells by Inducing Autophagosome Formation

Figure 3

Effects of SSd on rat liver BRL-3A cells. (a) BRL-3A cell viability was detected after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μmol/L SSd treatment for 48 h using the CCK-8 kit. The ns means no significant difference versus 0 μmol/L SSd-treated BRL-3A cells. , versus 0 μmol/L SSd-treated BRL-3A cells. (b) BRL-3A cell proliferation was detected after 10, 15, and 20 μmol/L SSd treatment for 48 h using the EdU kit and flow cytometry. (c) The percentage of proliferating cells based on EdU flow cytometry results. The ns means no significant difference versus control group. versus control group. (d) BRL-3A cell apoptosis was detected after 10, 15, and 20 μmol/L SSd treatment for 48 h using the Annexin V-FITC PI double-stained kit and flow cytometry. (e) The percentage of apoptotic cells based on Annexin V-FITC PI double-stained flow cytometry results. The ns means no significant difference versus control group. versus control group. (c, e) Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). One-way ANOVA and then Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. (f) Ki67, cleaved caspase 3, Bcl2, and Bax expression levels of BRL-3A cells were detected by western blot analysis after 48 h of SSd treatment.

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