Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytoconstituents, Bioactivities, and Toxicities of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. (Fabaceae): A Systematic Review

Table 4

Phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from different parts of Erythrina abyssinica.

Name of the compound identified	Chemical class	Part used	Solvent used	Techniques used	Bioactivity tested	Result	Authors
(+)-Erysotrine (1)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erythravine (2)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erythristemine (3)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erysovine (4)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erysodine (5)	Alkaloid	Sd	Chloroform, ethanol	NMR	Curare-like activity	Strong activity	[131, 132]
(+)-Erysopine (6)	Alkaloid	Sd	Chloroform, ethanol	NMR	Curare-like activity	Strong activity	[131, 132]
(+)-Erythraline (7)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-8-Oxoerythraline (8)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-11-Oxoerysodine (9)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-11-Methoxyerysovine (10)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erythratidine (11)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
(+)-Erythratine (12)	Alkaloid	NS	NS	NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[131]
8-Methoxyneorautenol (13)	Pterocarpan	RB	Acetone	HRMS, NMR, HMBC	Radical scavenging properties	Moderately active	[133]
Eryvarin L (14)	Benzofuran	Rt	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Good antioxidant activity	[134]
Licoagrochalcone A (15)	Chalcone	Tw	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Good radical scavenging activity	[134]
3-Hydroxy-9-methoxy-10-(3,3-dimethylallyl) pterocarpene (16)	Pterocarpan	RB	Acetone	HRMS, NMR, HMBC	Radical scavenging properties	Very active	[133]
(2S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3′-prenyl-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxyisopropyl) dihydrofurano[1″,3″ : 4′,5′] flavanone (17)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
(2S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3′-prenyl-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3″-hydroxy-dihydrofurano[1″,3″:4′,5′]flavanone, and (2S)-5,7,3′-trihydroxy-2′-prenyl-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxyisopropyl)-3″-hydroxy-dihydrofurano[1″,3″: 4′,5′] flavanone (18)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
(2S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxyisopropyl) dihydrofurano[1″,3″:4′, 5′]flavanone (19)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
(2S)-5,7,3′-Trihydroxy-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxyisopropyl) dihydrofurano[1″,3″ : 4′,5′] flavanone (20)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
(2S)-5,7,3′-Trihydroxy-2″ξ-(4″-hydroxyisopropyl)-3″-hydroxy-dihydrofurano[1″,3″:4′,5′] flavanone (21)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
Erythrabyssin I (22)	Pterocarpan	Rt	Methanol	UV, NMR, HPLC	Antimicrobial activity	Moderate antiyeast and antifungal activities	[136]
Erylatissin C (23)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC, NMR, HMQC, HMBC	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[135]
Abyssinin III (24)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	HPLC, NMR, HREI-MS, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82]
Indicanine B (25)	Coumarin	RB	DCM: MeOH	FTIR, UV, EI-MS, NMR	Antimicrobial activity	Active	[137]
Indicanine C (26)	Isoflavone	RB	DCM: MeOH	FTIR, UV, EI-MS, NMR	Antimicrobial activity	Not active	[137]
Cajanin (27)	Isoflavone	RB	DCM: MeOH	FTIR, UV, EI-MS, NMR	Antimicrobial activity	Not active	[137]
Abyssinone A (28)	Chalcone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	Not tested	Not applicable	[138]
Abyssinone B (29)	Chalcone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	Not tested	Not applicable	[138]
Abyssinone C (30)	Chalcone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	Not tested	Not applicable	[138]
Abyssinone D (31)	Chalcone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	Not tested	Not applicable	[138]
3-Methylbutein (32)	Chalcone	Rt	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Good bioactivities	[134]
2(S)-5,5′,7-Trihydroxy-2′-prenyl-(2″,2″-dimethylpyrano)-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (33)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
i2(S)-5,5′,7-Trihydroxy-[2''-(5″- hydroxy)-methylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (34)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-[2''-(5″-hydroxy)-methylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (35)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-[(5″,6'':3′,4′)-(2″,2″-dimethylpyrano)-(5‴,6‴:5′,6′)]-(2‴,2‴-dimethylpyrano)flavanone (36)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-5′-prenyl-[2″,2''-(3″-hydroxy)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (37)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-5′-methoxy-[2″,2''-(3″-hydroxy)-dimethyl-pyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (38)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy- [2″,2''-(3″,4″-dihydroxy)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (39)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
2(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-5′-prenyl-[2″,2''-(3″,4″-dihydroxy)-dimethylpyrano)]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (40)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
2(S)-5,6′,7-Trihydroxy-5′-prenyl-[2″,2''-(3″,4″-dihydroxy)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (41)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
2(S)-5,5′,7-Trihydroxy-[2″,2''-(4″-chromanone)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (42)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
2(S)-5′,7-Dihydroxy-[2″,2''-(3″-hydroxy)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (43)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
2(S)-5′,7-Dihydroxy-[2″,2''-(3″,4″-dihydroxy)-dimethylpyrano]-(5″,6'':3′,4′)flavanone (44)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138]
Abyssinin I (45)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	HPLC, NMR, HREI-MS, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82]
Abyssinin II (46)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	HPLC, NMR, HREI-MS, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82]
Licochalcone A (47)	Chalcone	Rt	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Abyssinone V 4′-methyl ether (48)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC HREIMS, NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82]
Abyssinoflavanone IV (49)	Prenylated flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HREI-MS, HPLC, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82, 138]
Abyssinoflavanone V (50)	Prenylated flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HREI-MS, HPLC, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82, 138, 139]
Abyssinoflavanone VI (51)	Prenylated flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HREI-MS, HPLC, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Not tested	Not applicable	[82, 138–140]
Sigmoidin D (52)	Flavanone	Rt, SB	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1), methanol	UV, NMR, CD, EI-MS, HRMS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Weak antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, no activity	[82, 134, 138]
5,7-Dihydroxy-2′,4′,5′-trimethoxyisoflavanone (53)	Isoflavanone	Rt	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
5-Prenylpratensein (54)	Isoflavone	Rt	Chloroform: methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Abyssinone I (55)	Flavanone	RB	80% aqueous MeOH, ether	UV, HPLC	Antimicrobial activity	Moderate activity	[136, 139, 141]
Abyssinone II (56)	Flavanone	RB	80% aqueous MeOH	UV, HPLC	Antimicrobial and PTP1B inhibitory activities	Moderate and no activity	[136, 141]
			Ether
			Ethyl acetate
Abyssinone III (57)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP1B inhibitory and antifungal activities	Weak activity	[136, 142]
			Ether
Abyssinone IV (58)	Flavanone	RB	80% aqueous MeOH	UV, NMR, HMBC, EI-MS, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Moderate activity	[134, 136, 141]
			Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)
Abyssinone V (59)	Flavanone	Rt, SB	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, HMBC, HREI-MS, CD, HPLC, NOESY	Antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant. and PTP1B inhibitory activities	Weak activity	[82, 134, 136, 141–143]
			Methanol
			Ether
			Ethyl acetate
Abyssinone VI (60)	Isoflavone	NS	Ether	UV, HPLC	Antifungal activity	Not reported	[136]
Abyssinone VII (61)	Chalcone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), ether	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Good activity	[134, 136]
Erythribyssin N (62)	Benzofuran	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Marked stimulation	[144]
Sigmoidin K (63)	Benzofuran	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Marked stimulation	[144]
Isosojagol (64)	Benzofuran	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Less stimulation	[144]
Erythribyssin F (65)	Coumestan	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Marked stimulation	[144]
Eryvarin Q (66)	Coumestan	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Less stimulation	[144]
Erypoegin F (67)	Coumestan	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Marked stimulation	[144]
Erythribyssin H (68)	Benzofuran	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Less stimulation	[144]
Eryvarin R (69)	Benzofuran	SB	Methanol	HPLC, IR, UV, MS, NMR	AMPK activity	Less stimulation	[144]
Erythribyssin E (70)	Isoflavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Strong activity	[142]
Prostratol C (71)	Isoflavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Strong activity	[142]
Erythribyssin J (72)	Isoflavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Strong activity	[142]
5-Deoxyabyssinin II (73)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Strong activity	[142]
7-Demethylrobustigenin (74)	Isoflavone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Erythribyssin K (75)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[142]
Erythrabyssin II (76)	Pterocarpan	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), methanol	UV, NMR, HPLC	Antimicrobial (antibacterial) and radical scavenging properties	Good radical scavenging, antiyeast and antifungal activities	[134, 136]
Liquiritigenin (77)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[142]
Liquiritigenin-50-O-methyl ether (78)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[142]
Burttinone (79)	Flavone	SB	Methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
Burttinonedehydrate (80)	Flavone	SB	Methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Good activity	[138]
Erythribyssin G (81)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Weak activity	[142]
Erythribyssin I (82)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[142]
7-Hydroxy-4′-methoxy-3-prenylisoflavone (83)	Isoflavone	SB	Methanol	UV, FTIR, TLC, NMR, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities	Moderately active	[145]
Octacosyl-E-ferulate (erythrinasinate A) (84)	Coumaric acid	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134,145]
Erythrabyssin I (85)	Pterocarpan	NS	Ether, 80% MeOH	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC, HPLC	Antifungal activity	Good activity	[134, 136, 141]
Erythrabyssin II (86)	Pterocarpan	Rt	Chloroform : MeOH (1 : 1), 80% MeOH	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Moderate activity	[134, 136, 141]
Genistein (87)	Isoflavone	Rt, Tw	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Neobavaisoflavone (88)	Flavanone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Semilicoisoflavone B (89)	Isoflavone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Sigmoidin A (90)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC HREI-MS, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY NMR	Antilipase activity	Exhibited antilipase activity	[82, 146]
Sigmoidin B (91)	Flavanone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, HREI-MS, HMBC, NOESY	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Good activities	[82, 134]
Sigmoidin B 4'-(methyl ether) (92)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, HPLC HREI-MS, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY NMR	Not tested	Not applicable	[82]
Phaseolin (93)	Chalcone	NS	Ether	UV, NMR, HMBC, EI-MS, HPLC	Antimicrobial activity	Good activity (antiyeast and antifungal activities)	[134, 136, 141]
Phaseollidin (94)	Chalcone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), ether	UV, NMR, HMBC, EI-MS, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134, 136]
Erythrartine/11-methoxyerysodine (95)	Alkaloid	Sd	Chloroform	TLC, MS, UV, NMR,	Anti-HIV-1 and cytotoxicity	Weak activity	[59]
Caryolane-1,9-diol (96)	Sesquiterpene	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, HMBC, EI-MS, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Abyssaponin A (97)	Triterpenoid	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Strong activity	[147]
Abyssaponin B (98)	Triterpenoid	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Strong activity	[147]
Soyasapogenol B (99)	Triterpenoid	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Strong activity	[147]
Abyssinoside A (100)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Moderate activity	[147]
Abyssinoside B (101)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Moderate activity	[147]
Abyssinoside C (102)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Weak activity	[147]
Abyssinoside D (103)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Anticancer activity	Moderate activity	[147]
Schaftoside (104)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Not tested	Not applicable	[147]
Isoschaftoside (105)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Not tested	Not applicable	[147]
Vicenin-2 (106)	Flavanone	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Not tested	Not applicable	[147]
Hovetrichoside C (107)	Aurananol	SB	Ethanol	NMR, UV, HRESI-TOFMS, ESI-MS/MS	Not tested	Not applicable	[147]
Sigmoidin C (108)	Flavanone	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), methanol	UV, NMR, HREI-MS, HMBC, NOESY, HPLC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[82,134]
Sigmoidin F (109)	Flavanone	Rt, SB	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), methanol	UV, NMR, HREI-MS, HMBC, HPLC, NOESY	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[82, 134]
Quercetin (110)	Flavone	RB	Acetone	HRMS, NMR, HMBC	Radical scavenging properties	Moderately active	[133]
5,4′-di-O-Methylalpinumisoflavone (111)	Isoflavone	RB	DCM: MeOH	FTIR, UV, EI-MS, NMR	Antimicrobial activity	Not active	[137]
Erycristagallin (112)	Pterocarpan	RB	Acetone	HRMS, NMR, HMBC	Radical scavenging properties	Moderately active	[133]
Shinpterocarpin (113)	Pterocarpan	RB	Acetone	HRMS, NMR, HMBC	Radical scavenging properties	Moderately active	[133]
Sandwicensin (114)	Pterocarpan	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
3,6-Caryolanediol (115)	Sesquiterpenes	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
Clovane-2,9-diol (116)	Sesquiterpenes	Rt	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1)	UV, NMR, EI-MS, HMBC	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Weak activity	[134]
7-Hydroxy-2-[4-methoxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) phenyl] chroman-4-one (117)	Flavanone	RB	Ethyl acetate	IR, UV, MS, CD, NMR	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	Strong activity	[142]
Sigmoidin E (118)	Flavanone	Rt, SB	Chloroform : methanol (1 : 1), methanol	UV, NMR, CD, HREI-MS, HPLC, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY	Antimicrobial, antioxidant and PTP 1B inhibitory activities	Weak antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, no activity	[82, 134, 138, 139]
Sigmoidin G (119)	Flavanone	SB	Methanol	UV, CD, NMR, HRMS	PTP 1B inhibitory activity	No activity	[138, 139]
9-Ethyldodecyl-4-methoxybenzoate (120)	Benzoate ester	SB	Methanol	TLC, NMR	Antibacterial and termicidal activity	Moderate antibacterial activity	[62]
Lupinifolin (121)	Flavonoid	SB	Methanol	TLC, NMR	Antibacterial and termicidal activity	Moderate antibacterial activity	[62]
Kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (122	Flavonol	Fl	Methanol (acidified)	NMR, DQF-COSY	Not tested	Not applicable	[148]

NS: not specified; Fl: flowers, Sd: seeds; SB: stem bark, Rt: roots; RB: root bark; Tw: twig; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ESI-MS/MS: electron spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry; HRESI-TOFMS: high-resolution electron spray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; HMBC: heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy; HMQC: heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy; CD: circular dichroism spectroscopy; HRMS: high-resolution mass spectrometry; NOESY: nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy; DQF-COSY: double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy; UV: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; MS: mass spectrometry; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.