Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Obtained from Fresh Sarcotesta of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>: Bioactive Polysaccharide that Can Be Exploited as a Novel Biocontrol Agent

<div>The relative expression levels of 4 adhesion and biofilm genes in response to different concentrations of GBSPII-1 incubation in <i>S. aureus</i> CVCC1882. Total RNA was isolated from 12 h old cultures of GBSPII-1 incubation in <i>S. aureus</i> CVCC1882, and the relative expression levels of <i>ica</i>A, <i>ica</i>B, <i>ica</i>C, and <i>ica</i>D genes were compared by real-time RT-PCR (relative plotted against log10). The relative expression levels of these genes were calculated at different concentrations of GBSPII-1 incubation with <i>S. aureus</i> CVCC1882. Data are representative of three independent experiments. The expression of <i>ica</i>A, <i>ica</i>B, <i>ica</i>C, and <i>ica</i>D genes was significantly inhibited by GBSPII-1. Uppercase letters represent extremely significant difference of <svg height="11.7782pt" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 44.5261 11.7782" width="44.5261pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 400 352 403 369 403C428 403 482 380 482 289Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)"><path d="M512 -3V55L134 254V256L512 456V514L75 281V230L512 -3Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg> compared with the control group.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Obtained from Fresh Sarcotesta of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>: Bioactive Polysaccharide that Can Be Exploited as a Novel Biocontrol Agent 

Figure 5 | Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Obtained from Fresh Sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba: Bioactive Polysaccharide that Can Be Exploited as a Novel Biocontrol Agent 