A Randomized Clinical Hypnosis Pilot Study: Improvements in Self-Reported Pain Impact in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Table 6

Primary outcome measures at baseline (n = 31).

Outcome measures	Range	Total mean (±SD)	Group A (n = 15); Mean (±SD)	Group B (n = 16); Mean (±SD)
VAS	0–8	2.7 (±2.3)	3.0 (±2.6)	2.3 (±1.9)
PIQ	48–72	62 (±6.7)	62.8 (±6.5)	61.3 (±7.1)
BDI	0–25	11 (±6.2)	10.7 (±7.0)	11.3 (±5.6)
STAI total	40–117	68.6 (±18.9)	68.2 (±18.8)	69.0 (±19.6)
STAI-state	20–57	32.5 (±9.6)	32.3 (±10.1)	32.8 (±9.4)
STAI-trait	20–60	36.1 (±10.2)	35.9 (±9.5)	36.3 (±11.2)
CSQ	53–209	138.8 (±41.6)	141.1 (±43.7)	136.6 (±40.8)
PSQI	2–16	9.6 (±3.9)	9.2 (±3.6)	10.0 (±4.3)

No statistically significant differences were found between groups based on the independent two-sample t-tests. VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PIQ: Pain Impact Questionnaire; BDI: Beck’s Depression Inventory; STAI: Speilberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; CSQ: Coping Strategies Questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The US adult general population had an average PIQ score of 50 ± 10; the chronic pain patient sample had a mean score of 64 ± 7 [32].