Berberine Reduces Renal Cell Pyroptosis in Golden Hamsters with Diabetic Nephropathy through the Nrf2-NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD Pathway

Table 1

Real-time PCR primer sequences.

Gene	Upstream primers (5′ to 3′)	Downstream primers (5′ to 3′)	Length (bp)
NLRP3	CAGAGACTATGGTTGGGGCG	CTCCGATGTAGAGTCAAAGTTTCTG	196
Caspase-1	TGCAGATGCTTATGACAGCGA	CTATCTGACCAGCTTCGCCC	137
GSDMD	AAGTGCTGCGCAGTATTAGCA	TCTGGACCCACAAAGCCAAT	107
IL-1β	GCAGGCTCCGAGATGAACAA	TGTCCGTTGAGATGGAGAGC	79
β-Actin	TGAACGGGAAGCTCACTGGC	CATGTGAGATCCACGACGGACA	70