Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antibacterial Activities of the Selected Tibetan Formulations Used in Gandaki Province, Nepal

Table 1

Uses and applications of nine selected Tibetan formulations.

S. no.	Formulations	Ingredients	Uses/actions	Applications	References
1	Aru-18 (myrobalan 18)	Carthamus tinctorius, Caesalpinia bonducella, Cupressus torulosa, Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia jambolana, Malva verticillata, Mucuna prurita, Rubia cordifolia, Swertia chirata, Symplocos crataegoides, Terminalia chebula, Verbascum thapsus, vermilion, and crabshell	Inflammation of the kidney; kidney disorder giving rise to stooping; pain in hip and waist region; imbalance of kidney channels	2-3 g once daily in the afternoon with warm water	[29]
2	Basam (medicinal butter)	Angelica species, Asparagus spinosissimus, Emblica officinalis, Mirabilis himalaica, Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Tribulus terrestris, clarified butter, honey, and milk	Kidney diseases; leg cramps; tonify body, promotes longevity; pain in the bones, hip joint, and lower back muscles; male-specific diseases such as impotence, prostatitis, and decreased libido	1–4 g daily with warm water	[29, 30]
3	Dadue	Carthamus tinctorius, Crocus sativas, Dracocephalus tanguiticum, Inula racemosa, Saussurea lappa, calcium carbonate, iron powder, and mineral pitch	Liver disorder, gastric problem, food poisoning, indigestion, chronic fever, colic pain, eye problem, all kinds of chronic diseases, and general tonic	1-2 pills daily in the morning or evening with warm water	[30]
4	Dashel	Aconitum heterophyllum, Aconitum orochryseum, Adhatoda vasica, Amomum subulatum, Bainbusa textilis, Beaumontia grandiflora, Carthamus tinctorius, Commiphora mukul, Corydalis stracheyi, Crocus sativus, Cynanchum thesioides, Dracocephalus tanguiticum, Elettaria cardamonium, Emblica officinalis, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cerinthe gymnandra, Herpetospermum pedunculosum, Inula racemosa, Lagotis kunawurensis, Meconopsis species, Moschus moschiferus, Myristica fragrans, Pedicularis oliveriana, Picrorhiza kurroa, Piper longum, Pterocarpus santalinus, Punica granatum, Rheum spiciforme, Santalum album, Saussurea costus, Saussurea lappa, Saxifi aga umhellulata, Strychnos nux-vomica, Syzigium aromaticum, Taraxacum officinale, Terminalia chebula, Ursus thibetanus, Vincetoxicum sibiricum, calcitum, mineral pitch, and smithsonite (calamine)	Gastrointestinal diseases; gastrointestinal tumor; cholecystitis; hepatitis; nausea; belching; constipation; chronic diseases of the stomach, liver, and skin; anti-inflammatory action in the gastrointestinal tract	1-2 g in the morning or evening with warm water	[30]
5	Mutik-25 (Pearl 25)	Amomum subulatum, Bambusa textilis, Bos taurus domesticus, Carthamus tinctorius, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cuminum cyminum, Emblica officinalis, Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Gmelina arborea, Margaritum, Myristica fragrans, Nigella sativa, Piper longum, Polygonum aviculare, Potamom yunnanensi, Pterocarpus santalinus, Punica granatum, Saussurea lappa, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Malva verticillata, Moschus moschiferus, Santalum album, and vermiculite	Hypertension, stroke neuralgia, hemiplegia, palpitation, tranquilizer, facial paralysis, unconsciousness, delirious mania	1-2 pills one hour before or after meals with warm water daily	[30]
6	Raab Ga Yangzin Tea (herbal tea)	Carthamus tinctorius, Elettaria, Rosa bronunii, Rubus hoffmeiteriannus, Symplocos paniculata, and Zingiber officinalis	Provides body energy; promotes skin health; appetite; relaxation; assists in cold, flu, and poor digestion	Pour hot water on the teabag, infuse for few minutes, then relish it purely or with salt or sugar	[31]
7	Serdok-11	Carthamus tinctorius, Crocus sativa, Cuminum cyminum, Emblica officinalis, Herpetospermum caudgerum, Myristica fragrans, Punica granatum, Rosa bronunii, Saussurea lappa, Terminalia chebula, and mineral pitch	Acute and chronic diseases of the liver and gall bladder (cirrhosis, cholecystitis, and gallstone disease); protects liver cells; restores the function of the pancreas; normalizes metabolism	2 pills daily with hot water	[30, 32]
8	Sugmel-10 (cardamom 10)	Caesalpinia bonducella, Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia jambolana, Hedychium spicatum, Malva verticillata, Piper longum, crab shell, and sodium chloride	Kidney disorders, removes kidney stones, clears obstruction of the urinary tract, removes tumors and stones from the urinary bladder	2-3 g daily at night with hot or warm water	[30]
9	Yungwa-4 (decoctions of turmeric)	Berberis dictyophylla, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, and Tribulus terrestris	Antipyretic, diuretic, inflammation of the urethra	3–5 g decocted to one-third water level and taken twice daily	[29]