Auricular Point Acupressure Combined with Compound Lidocaine Cream to Manage Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Comparison of AVF puncture pain intensity across four groups ().

	Before	1 week after the first intervention	4 weeks after the first intervention	Postintervention
Control	6.69 ± 2.52	6.03 ± 2.12	5.79 ± 2.34	5.48 ± 2.03
CLC	6.27 ± 3.10	4.59 ± 2.00	4.22 ± 1.98	4.03 ± 1.36
APA	6.89 ± 3.01	4.34 ± 2.11	4.57 ± 1.45	4.89 ± 1.27
CLC + APA	6.76 ± 2.32	3.76 ± 1.28	2.46 ± 0.90	1.76 ± 0.08
F^∆	0.293	7.659	18.454	42.133
	0.83	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
η^2∆∆		0.165	0.323	0.521

CLC = compound lidocaine cream; APA = auricular point acupressure; Before = preintervention; Post = postintervention. , , and . ^∆Between 4 group comparisons were made using single factor analysis of variance. ^∆∆Effect size of 4 group comparisons was made using Cohen’s d (η²).