Auricular Point Acupressure Combined with Compound Lidocaine Cream to Manage Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 4

Comparison of anxiety before and after intervention ().

	State anxiety				Trait anxiety
	Before	Postintervention	t^∆∆		Before	Postintervention	t^∆∆
Control	57.69 ± 13.02	54..42 ± 9.21	5.477	<0.001	47.24 ± 7.70	44.49 ± 5.15	8.216	<0.001
CLC	56.22 ± 14.41	50.35 ± 9.80	6.573	<0.001	48.80 ± 8.51	43.36 ± 8.44	27.386	<0.001
APA	57.02 ± 13.53	49.47 ± 8.74	8.764	<0.001	47.60 ± 7.80	39.49 ± 5.87	21.909	<0.001
CLA + APA	56.76 ± 14.78	41.23 ± 7.58	11.737	<0.001	49.03 ± 8.66	32.36 ± 5.46	29.212	<0.001
F^∆	0.057	11.658			0.348	22.233
	0.982	<0.001			0.791	<0.001
η^2∆∆∆		0.232				0.365

CLC = compound lidocaine cream; APA = auricular point acupressure; Before = preintervention; Post = postintervention. , , and . ^∆Between 4 group comparisons were made using single factor analysis of variance. ^∆∆Within group comparisons were made using paired-samples T test. ^∆∆∆Effect size of 4 group comparisons was made using Cohen’s d (η²).