Research Article
A Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Persicaria lanigera Possesses Antinociceptive Activity through Cytokine and Glutamatergic Pathways In Vivo
Figure 4
Effect of PLE (30, 100, and 300 mg kg−1) and ketamine (5 mg kg−1, i.p.) on glutamate-induced nociceptive pain: (a) the time-course curve; (b) AUC of the time-course curve. Each data represents the mean of 5 animals and the error bars indicate SEM. ∗ and † indicate the significance levels compared to respective controls: (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test); , , (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc test).
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