The Relationship between “Shofuku-Fujin” (Abnormality of Abdominal Examination in Japanese Kampo Medicine) and Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the participants and their body composition parameters.
Men
Women
Total (n = 386)
Sf-positive (n = 177)
Sf-negative (n = 209)
valuea
Total (n = 942)
Sf-positive (n = 359)
Sf-negative (n = 583)
valuea
Age (years)
53 (44–63)
60 (50–69)
48 (40–56)
<0.001
48 (40–58)
53 (45–63)
45 (38–53)
<0.001
Height (cm)
170.0 (166.0–173.0)
169.0 (164.6–173.0)
171.0 (167.0–174.0)
0.001
158.0 (154.0–162.0)
158.0 (154.0–161.0)
158.2 (155.0–162.0)
0.025
Bodyweight (kg)
66.3 (60.7–72.1)
62.7 (56.7–68.3)
69.0 (63.5–75.4)
<0.001
51.7 (47.2–57.2)
50.3 (46.0–55.1)
52.9 (48.1–58.3)
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.2 (21.2–24.9)
22.3 (20.1–23.8)
23.9 (21.9–25.8)
<0.001
20.5 (19.0–22.8)
20.1 (18.6–22.1)
21.0 (19.3–23.2)
<0.001
Intercellular water (ℓ)
23.8 (21.8–26.0)
22.8 (20.8–25.0)
24.6 (22.8–26.4)
<0.001
17.1 (15.7–18.3)
16.7 (15.6–18.0)
17.2 (15.9–18.5)
<0.001
Extracellular water (ℓ)
14.6 (13.4–15.9)
14.0 (13.0–15.5)
14.9 (13.8–16.1)
<0.001
10.6 (10.0–11.5)
10.6 (9.9–11.3)
10.7 (10.0–11.6)
0.014
ECW/TBW
0.380 (0.375–0.384)
0.382 (0.377–0.387)
0.378 (0.374–0.382)
<0.001
0.386 (0.382–0.390)
0.387 (0.383–0.391)
0.385 (0.382–0.389)
<0.001
SMI (kg/m2)
7.76 (7.28–8.16)
7.54 (7.06–8.02)
7.88 (7.57–8.26)
<0.001
6.06 (5.64–6.47)
6.0 (5.61–6.38)
6.10 (5.70–6.53)
0.008
Body fat percentage (%)
21.3 (17.5–25.5)
20.2 (15.8–24.3)
22.5 (18.7–27.0)
<0.001
27.4 (22.6–32.7)
25.9 (20.8–31.3)
28.0 (23.2–33.2)
<0.001
Bone mineral content (kg)
2.83 (2.58–3.16)
2.71 (2.45–2.96)
2.95 (2.72–3.23)
<0.001
2.17 (2.01–2.36)
2.13 (1.98–2.32)
2.20 (2.04–2.39)
<0.001
The values are presented as median (interquartile range) and grouped according to sex and the presence/absence of Shofuku-fujin (Sf). aWilcoxon rank-sum test between Sf-positive and Sf-negative groups. Statistical significance was evaluated at < 0.05. Sf, Shofuku-fujin; BMI, body mass index (bodyweight divided by the square of body height; kg/m2); ECW/TBW, the ratio of extracellular water divided by total body water; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2), calculated by dividing the limb skeletal muscle mass (kg) by the square of the height (m2).
