Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Parts, Period, and Extraction Solvents as Parameters Influencing Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) Antibacterial Activity

Table 3

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of methanol extracts from the leaves of H. madagascariensis (µg/mL).


		Leaves									CIP
				6 a.m.			12 p.m.			6 p.m.
		MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R

Gram-negative bacteria
Escherichia coli	ATCC 8739	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	256	1024	4	≤0.5	8	16
	ATCC 10536	512	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	256	1024	4	2	64	8
	EC 5	128	—	Nd	64	—	Nd	64	1024	16	4	8	2
	EC 4	512	—	Nd	256	512	2	128	512	4	≤0.5	64	128
	EC 2	512	—	Nd	512	1024	2	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
	EC 136	1024	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	4	64	16
	EC 137	—	—	—	1024	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
Citrobacter freundii	CITB 80	—	—	—	—	—	—	256	—	Nd	1	32	32
Citrobacter freundii	CITB 81	—	—	—	256	1024	4	64	1024	16	1	64	64
Serratia marcescens	SERB 115	64	128	2	64	128	2	128	1024	8	1	32	32
Yersinia enterocolitica	YERB 121	1024	—	Nd	128	1024	8	128	—	Nd	≤0.5	/4	8
Yersinia enterocolitica	YERBI	—	—	—	512	1024	2	128	—	Nd	1	2	2
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi	ATCC 6539	128	1024	8	128	1024	8	128	—	Nd	4	8	2
	SAL 9	—	—	—	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	4	8	2
	S AL	128	—	Nd	128	—	Nd	128	—	Nd	0.5	64	128
Salmonella paratyphi B		256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	—	—	—	2	16	8
Salmonella typhimurium		256	—	Nd	256	1024	4	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	ATCC 27853	—	—	—	512	1024	2	256	—	Nd	16	32	2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	PA 16	512	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	2	32	16
Providencia stuartii	PS NEA 16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2	16	8
Klebsiella pneumoniae	KL 111	1024	—	Nd	—	—	—	256	—	Nd	32	64	2
Klebsiella pneumoniae	KLPB101	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	8	32	4
Enterobacter aerogenes	ENT 119	—	—	—	128	1024	8	256	1024	4	1	4	4
	ENT 167	256	1024	4	512	1024	2	256	—	Nd	16	32	2
	ENT 51	—	—	—	1024	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	8	16	2
Gram-positive bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus	STAPH 1	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	128	1024	8	16	32	2
	3	1024	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	1	8	8
	MRSA 3	256	1024	4	512	1024	2	512	1024	2	0.5	2	4
	MRSA 9	256	1024	4	128	—	Nd	128	—	Nd	0.5	32	64
	MRSA 12	512	1024	2	512	1024	2	512	1024	2	8	32	4
	MRSA 13	512	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	1	16	16
	ST 120	—	—	—	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	2	32	16
	ST 113	1024	1024	1	—	—	—	—	—	—	4	32	8
	SA 3	128	1024	8	128	—	Nd	128	1024	8	1	8	8
Streptococcus sp.	STR 7	512	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	256	1024	4	1	64	64

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; R: MBC/MIC; CIP: ciprofloxacin; Nd: not determined; —: no activity.