Parts, Period, and Extraction Solvents as Parameters Influencing Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) Antibacterial Activity

Table 7

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the aqueous extracts of the bark of H. madagascariensis (µg/mL).

		Bark									CIP
				6 a.m.			12 p.m.			6 p.m.
		MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R	MIC	MBC	R
Gram-negative bacteria
Escherichia coli	ATCC 8739	—	—	—	—	—	—	64	—	Nd	1	16	16
	ATCC 10536	256	—	Nd	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	2	64	32
	EC 5	—	—	—	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
	EC 4	1024	—	Nd	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	1	64	64
	EC 2	1024	—	Nd	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
	EC 136	512	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	4	64	16
	EC 137	512	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	4	32	8
Citrobacter freundii	CITB 80	512	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	1	32	32
	CITB 81	—	—	—	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	1	64	64
Serratia marcescens	SERB 115	512	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	64	1024	16	1	32	32
Yersinia enterocolitica	YERB 121	512	—	Nd	1024	1024	1	128	512	4	1	4	4
	YERBI	512	—	Nd	—	—	—	256	—	Nd	1	2	2
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi	ATCC 6539	1024	1024	1	1024	1024	1	256	512	2	4	8	2
	SAL 9	1024	1024	1	1024	1024	1	512	—	Nd	4	8	2
	S AL	512	—	Nd	1024	1024	1	128	1024	8	0.5	64	128
Salmonella paratyphi B		512	—	Nd	1024	1024	1	512	1024	1	2	16	8
Salmonella typhimurium		—	—	—	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	4	4	1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	ATCC 27853	512	—	Nd	—	—	—	1024	—	Nd	16	32	2
	PA 16	256	—	Nd	1024	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	2	32	16
Providencia stuartii	PS NEA 16	512	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	64	1024	16	2	16	8
Klebsiella pneumoniae	KL 111	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	32	64	2
	KLPB101	1024	—	Nd	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	8	32	4
Enterobacter aerogenes	ENT 119	512	512	1	512	1024	2	128	—	Nd	1	4	4
	ENT 167	1024	1024	1	1024	1024	1	256	1024	4	16	32	2
	ENT 51	256	—	Nd	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	8	16	2
Gram-positive bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus	STAPH 1	512	—	Nd	1024	1024	1	128	512	4	16	32	2
	3	1024	1024	1	512	1024	2	256	1024	4	1	8	8
	MRSA 3	1024	1024	1	1024	1024	1	512	—	Nd	0.5	2	4
	MRSA 9	—	—	—	—	—	—	64	1024	16	0.5	32	64
	MRSA 12	256	—	Nd	512	—	Nd	128	1024	8	8	32	4
	MRSA 13	512	512	1	1024	1024	1	128	1024	8	1	16	16
	ST 120	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	256	—	Nd	2	32	16
	ST 113	—	—	—	—	—	—	512	—	Nd	4	32	8
	SA 3	512	—	—	1024	1024	1	256	—	Nd	1	8	8
Streptococcus sp.	STR 7	256	—	Nd	—	—	—	256	—	Nd	1	64	64

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; R: MBC/MIC; CIP: ciprofloxacin; Nd: not determined; —: no activity.