The Effects of Moxibustion on PD-1/PD-L1-Related Molecular Expression and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in RA Rats

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Staging</td><td class="align_center">Presentation of synovial tissue proliferation</td><td class="align_center">Score</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Normal</td><td class="align_center">Synovial tissue is smooth; synovial lining layer cells are flat monolayer, or they are shown with 2-3 layers and are arranged in regular order.</td><td class="align_center">0 (−)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Mild</td><td class="align_center">Edema appears in the synovial interstitium; vascular dilatation emerges; endothelial cells are swollen; synovial macrophages can also be seen.</td><td class="align_center">1∼2 (+∼++)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Moderate</td><td class="align_center">Synovium is obviously thickened and can be up to 10 layers; vascular hyperplasia appears; the tube wall is thickened; and thrombosis develops.</td><td class="align_center">3 (+++)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Severe</td><td class="align_center">Synovial papillae appear; pannus is formed at cartilage junction; fibrous granuloma or scar is formed; cartilage and bone are destructed.</td><td class="align_center">4 (++++)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Presentation of synovial tissue proliferation.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: The Effects of Moxibustion on PD-1/PD-L1-Related Molecular Expression and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in RA Rats 