Antihypertensive Effects of the Vitex cienkowskii (Verbenaceae) Stem-Bark Extract on L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Table 4
Effects of the methanol/methylene chloride extract of V. cienkowskii on oxidative stress markers.
Parameter
Distilled water
L-NAME
L-NAME + CAPT
L-NAME + MMVC (200 mg/kg)
L-NAME + MMVC (400 mg/kg)
NO (mmol/mL)
Aorta
159.75 ± 7.40
68.53 ± 8.26
142.91 ± 3.88$$
121.96 ± 4.07$$
133.95 ± 4.15$$
Heart
135.35 ± 4.45
69.96 ± 7.39
132.45 ± 9.07$$
107.66 ± 9.00∗$
118.61 ± 8.39$$
Liver
180.27 ± 4.01
110.31 ± 6.17
160.66 ± 3.03$$
153.56 ± 5.20$$
156.15 ± 4.53$$
Kidneys
180.08 ± 4.05
130.53 ± 9.13
177.22 ± 7.27$$
158.53 ± 1.55∗$
164.20 ± 4.40$$
GSH (mmol/mg of tissue)
Aorta
12.40 ± 0.14
9.78 ± 0.96
12.65 ± 0.04$$
12.66 ± 0.07$$
12.54 ± .0.05$$
Heart
13.45 ± 0.07
10.75 ± 0.71
13.24 ± 0.12$$
13.74 ± 0.23$$
13.65 ± 0.23$$
Liver
14.24 ± 0.24
11.60 ± 0.35
13.14 ± 0.13$$
13.73 ± 0.07$$
13.87 ± 0.21$$
Kidneys
14.73 ± 0.42
12.53 ± 0.32
14.04 ± 0.31$$
14.24 ± 0.18$$
14.32 ± 0.22$$
MDA (nmol/mg of proteins)
Aorta
22.14 ± 3.64
48.45 ± 4.02
25.13 ± 4.78$$
18.18 ± 3.34$$
12.10 ± 3.64$$
Heart
65.42 ± 7.86
98.66 ± 6.72
66.24 ± 5.74$
75.08 ± 4.84$
73.06 ± 7.86$
Liver
18.24 ± 1.90
26.63 ± 3.40
20.33 ± 5.01
19.90 ± 1.86
18.55 ± 1.90
Kidneys
26.51 ± 4.98
46.74 ± 8.10
38.84 ± 2.40
43.87 ± 3.50
38.17 ± 4.98
CAT (H2O2 destroyed (µM)/min/mg of proteins)
Aorta
10.98 ± 0.61
4.48 ± 0.26
5.83 ± 0.49
8.37 ± 0.97$
9.17 ± 0.94$
Heart
12.96 ± 0.81
5.26 ± 0.52
10.10 ± 0.71$
9.89 ± 0.52$
11.23 ± 1.37$
Liver
10.87 ± 1.28
3.09 ± 0.34
7.63 ± 0.70$$
5.20 ± 0.61
5.62 ± 0.52
Kidneys
6.84 ± 0.67
4.99 ± 0.73
6.19 ± 0.68
7.28 ± 0.38
6.60 ± 0.70
SOD (U/mg of proteins)
Aorta
1.58 ± 0.21
0.56 ± 0.20
1.11 ± 0.31$
1.49 ± 0.26$
1.04 ± 0.38$
Heart
1.69 ± 0.25
0.91 ± 0.25
0.80 ± 0.13
1.47 ± 0.31$
1.40 ± 0.27$
Liver
1.91 ± 0.15
0.96 ± 0.32
1.4 ± 0.42
1.67 ± 0.26$
1.62 ± 0.51$
Kidneys
1.73 ± 0.27
0.80 ± 0.24
1.13 ± 0.34
1.24 ± 0.24
1.60 ± 0.23$
Each data represent the mean ± SEM; n = 5; < 0.05; < 0.01 significant differences compared to control (rats receiving distilled water); $p < 0.05; $$ < 0.01 significant differences compared to hypertensive control (rats receiving L-NAME only); L-NAME + CAPT: rats treated with L-NAME and captopril at the dose of 25 mg/kg; L-NAME + MMVC (200 mg/kg): rats treated with L-NAME and plant extract (MMVC) at the dose of 200 mg/kg; L-NAME + MMVC (400 mg/kg): rats treated with L-NAME and plant extract (MMVC) at the dose of 400 mg/kg; NO, nitrite oxide; GSH, reduced glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
