Xiaoyaosan Exerts Therapeutic Effects on the Colon of Chronic Restraint Stress Model Rats via the Regulation of Immunoinflammatory Activation Induced by the TLR4/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway

Figure 9

Xiaoyaosan exerts its antidepressive effects in rats with chronic restraint-induced stress via regulating the activation of the immunoinflammatory response induced by the TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the colon. Xiaoyaosan treatment reduced the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB-p65, TAK1, IRAK1, TRAF6, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in colonic tissue of depressed rats; reduced the serum levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α; and ameliorated colonic inflammation. TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response protein; IRAK1, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1; TAK1, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6; NF-κB-p65, nuclear factor kappa beta-p65. NLRP3, NOD-like receptor protein 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein.