12-Epi-Napelline Inhibits Leukemia Cell Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 3

12-Epi-napelline induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. K-562 and HL-60 cells were treated with 12-epi-napelline for 24 h and 48 h. To determine apoptosis, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with Annexin V/PI according to the manufacturer’s instructions. (a, c) Typical flow cytometric graph of apoptosis of HL-60 and K-562 cells. (b, d) The percentage of apoptotic cells. The results revealed that 12-epi-napelline increased the rate of apoptosis in K-562 and HL-60 cells. (e) The expression of apoptosis-related proteins. K-562 and HL-60 cells were treated with 12-epi-napelline. At 24 h after treatment, the cells were lysed and subjected to immunoblot analysis. The levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were detected. Groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Data represented the mean ± standard deviation from three independent experiments (and compared to the control, n = 3).

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