The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Pathological, and Behavioural Effects of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Extract on Brain Injury Caused by Nicotine in Male Rats

Figure 3

Histopatological study in the brain section of the animal studied. (a) (Control group): brain frontal cortex in the control group, a normal neuron (arrow) and neuroglia are seen. (b) (T3 group): brain frontal cortex in the T3 group, a severe red neuron (arrow head) that is an indication for neuronal necrosis and a few normal neurons are seen. (c) (T4 group): brain frontal cortex in the T4 group, a moderate red neuron (arrow head) that is an indication for neuronal necrosis and a normal neuron are seen. (d) (T5 group): brain frontal cortex in the T5 group, a severe red neuron (arrow head) that is an indication for neuronal necrosis is seen (H&E, 100x). (e) (T5 group): brain frontal cortex in the T5 group, a severe red neuron (arrow head) that is an indication for neuronal necrosis and a few normal neurons (arrow) are seen. (f) (T5 group): brain frontal cortex in the T5 group, focal gliosis (arrow) is seen (H&E, 400x).