The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Pathological, and Behavioural Effects of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Extract on Brain Injury Caused by Nicotine in Male Rats

Table 3

Proinflammatory cytokines concentration in serum of the animal studied.

	IL-1 (pg/ml)	TNFα (pg/ml)
C	98.45 ± 8.90	100.5 ± 12.5
T1	87.34 ± 12.56	95.2 ± 14.63
T2	76.54 ± 14.29	79.65 ± 8.93 a, b
T3	145.53 ± 11.24 a, b, c	120.34 ± 23.56 a, c
T4	128.69 ± 18.69 a, b, c	108.89 ± 14.67 d
T5	198.47 ± 23.12 a, b, c, d, e	253.56 ± 10.46 a, b, c, d, e

All values are presented as (mean ± SEM). , , and represent a, b, c, d, and e, respectively, compared with C, T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups.