Pinus thunbergii Parl. Extracts Reduce Acute Inflammation by Targeting Oxidative Stress

Figure 3

Effect of PTP on oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages. To measure ROS and SOD concentration, the cells were pretreated with PTP (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL), DEX (10 μg/mL), or IBU (10 μg/mL), then treated with LPS (0.1 μg/mL). ROS production was detected with a fluorescence microplate reader (Ex. 485 nm; Em. 535 nm) (a), (b). To measure MDA contents, 200 μL of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was added to each sample, after which absorbance was measured at 532 nm (c). SOD concentration was measured with an ELISA kit (d). SOD1 and SOD2 production were measured by western blot (e), (f). SOD1 and SOD2 relative density was analyzed using densitometry. All values were reported as the mean ± SD. indicates a significant difference from the negative control group (, , ). indicates a significant difference from the positive control group (, , ). PTP: Pinus thunbergii Parl.; DEX: dexamethasone; IBU: ibuprofen; CA: caffeic acid.

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