Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Table 1

IC₅₀ (µg/ml) of commercial teas and E. longifolia leaf extracts against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cell NIH-3T3.

Sample	MDA-MB-231	MCF-7	NIH-3T3
Doxorubicin	2.1 ± 0.07^f	1.8 ± 0.01^e	15.4 ± 1.45^e
Commercial tea (C. sinensis)
BOH green tea	35.0 ± 5.3^e	26.2 ± 2.0^d	133.3 ± 5.6^a
SABAH black tea	92.3 ± 3.2^bc	50.5 ± 0.5^bc	>200
E. longifolia
Unfermented (FD)	69.3 ± 17.2^d	45.0 ± 3.5^c	125.5 ± 6.2^b
Unfermented (MD)	84.7 ± 8.4^c	65.7 ± 20.3^b	79.7 ± 7.2^d
Fermented (FD)	98.3 ± 11.5^ab	66.7 ± 20.5^b	81.8 ± 16.2^cd
Fermented (MD)	99.7 ± 6.8^a	97.3 ± 13.6^a	96.4 ± 3.6^c

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5); means with different superscript lowercase letters within the same column were significantly different at the level of . FD: freeze-dried. MD: microwave-oven dried.