Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Table 2

Phenolic content (mg/L) in commercial teas and E. longifolia leaf infusions.

Sample	Commercial tea (Camellia sinensis)		Eurycoma longifolia
	BOH green tea	SABAH black tea	Unfermented (FD)	Unfermented (MD)	Fermented (FD)	Fermented (MD)
Gallic acid	18.50 ± 0.07^b	19.23 ± 0.05^a	9.81 ± 0.02^c	8.53 ± 0.06^d	9.78 ± 0.02^c	7.52 ± 0.02^e
Chlorogenic acid	ND	ND	7.70 ± 0.08^b	4.36 ± 0.03^d	8.00 ± 0.09^a	4.98 ± 0.09^c
p-Coumaric acid	9.43 ± 0.01^a	5.71 ± 0.01^b	ND	ND	ND	ND
Vanillic acid	ND	ND	5.44 ± 0.01^a	5.51 ± 0.01^a	5.23 ± 0.01^b	5.29 ± 0.01^b
Caffeic acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Ferulic acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
EC	88.95 ± 0.15^a	83.13 ± 0.11^b	ND	ND	ND	ND
ECG	23.60 ± 0.16^a	12.51 ± 0.14^b	3.07 ± 0.02^c	2.66 ± 0.03^d	ND	ND
EGC	173.36 ± 1.13^b	240.01 ± 0.77^a	ND	ND	ND	ND
EGCG	314.89 ± 0.88^a	160.74 ± 0.57^b	2.28 ± 0.01^c	1.55 ± 0.01^d	ND	ND
Hesperidin	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Naringin	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

EC: (-)-epicatechin; EGC: (-)-epigallocatechin; ECG: (-)-epicatechin gallate; EGCG: (-)-epigallocatechin gallate; FD: freeze-dried; MD: microwave-oven dried; ND: not detected; values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5); means with different superscript lowercase letters within the same row were significantly different at the level of .