Evaluation of Beneficial and Adverse Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Schisandrae Fructus Seed Ethanol Extract on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic/Hyperglycemic Mice

Table 1

Effects of dietary supplementation with EtSF-S or FF on food/RFBW, water/RWBW, and drug intake in ND- and HFFD-fed mice.

Groups	Dose (%, w/w)	Body mass (g)	Body weight gain (g)	Food		Water		Drug intake (g/kg/d)
				Intake (g/kg/d)	RFBW	Intake (mL/kg/d)	RWBW
ND-fed mice
ND	—	29.68 ± 1.95	‒1.09 ± 0.98	101	3.03	148	4.44	—
ND/EtSF-S	10	30.75 ± 1.95	‒0.47 ± 0.76	96	2.88	163	4.89	8.63
ND/FF	0.03	29.84 ± 1.55	‒1.59 ± 0.49	103	3.09	174	5.22	0.03
HFFD-fed mice
ND	—	30.14 ± 4.04	‒0.91 ± 1.19	109	3.27	176	5.28	—
HFFD	—	30.47 ± 1.72	0.77 ± 0.92	86	2.58	131	3.93	—
HFFD/EtSF-S	1	30.21 ± 2.78	0.87 ± 0.96	76	2.28	138	4.14	0.75
	5	29.93 ± 2.69	0.30 ± 0.89	76	2.28	167	5.01	3.81
	10	29.39 ± 1.56	‒0.23 ± 1.44	134	4.02	187	5.61	13.36
HFFD/FF	0.03	30.73 ± 2.90	1.61 ± 0.84^†	95	2.85	134	4.02	0.03

Mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or high fructose/fat diet (HFFD) for 3 months. Then animals were fed with ND or HFFD without and with supplementation with the ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) seed (EtSF-S) or fenofibrate (FF). During the experimental period of supplementation, body weight gain and the mean values of food, water, and drug intake were measured. The dosages of drugs (g/kg/d) were determined with respect to the amount of ingested diet (g/kg/d) and drug concentration in the diet. The intake amount of diet and water was recorded per cage (group). The dose of EtSF-S intake was estimated with reference to the crude herbal material (SF seed). The ratio of food and water intake to body weight (RFBW and RWBW, respectively) was calculated by using the formula as follows: total food () and water (mL) intake divided total body weight () for an experimental perimental period of 30 days. Values given are the mean ± SD, with N = 10. vs. ND alone; ^† vs. HFFD alone.