Evaluation of Beneficial and Adverse Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Schisandrae Fructus Seed Ethanol Extract on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic/Hyperglycemic Mice

Table 3

Effect of dietary supplementation with EtSF-S or FF on serum and hepatic glucose in ND- and HFFD-fed mice.

Groups	Dose (%, w/w)	A: serum glucose (mmol/L)	B : hepatic glucose (µmol/g)
			Fresh samples	Samples were stored for 24 h
				At −20°C	At 4°C
ND-fed mice	–
ND	10	5.32 ± 0.59	147.27 ± 11.16	170.80 ± 26.23	341.64 ± 51.08
ND/EtSF-S	0.03	5.18 ± 0.65	123.12 ± 24.21	155.80 ± 17.43	357.66 ± 48.37
ND/FF		6.14 ± 0.50	82.22 ± 9.40	114.46 ± 7.60	215.15 ± 43.53
HFFD-fed mice	–
ND		4.70 ± 0.80	160.42 ± 24.30	186.91 ± 21.70	260.22 ± 21.91
HFFD		5.59 ± 1.07	142.28 ± 8.76	162.64 ± 13.66	251.56 ± 17.22
HFFD/EtSF-S	1	5.33 ± 0.82	147.77 ± 17.6	170.71 ± 19.95	255.35 ± 28.42
	5	6.21 ± 0.77	134.88 ± 6.85^†	150.64 ± 14.05	232.66 ± 11.78^††##
	10	6.58 ± 0.68^†	101.37 ± 20.02^††	131.01 ± 8.18^††	206.05 ± 39.86^††##
HFFD/FF	0.03	6.03 ± 1.02	100.82 ± 14.41^††	120.65 ± 13.45^††	176.68 ± 33.35^††##

Mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or high fructose/fat diet (HFFD) for 3 months. Then, animals were fed with ND or HFFD without and with supplementation with the ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) seed (EtSF-S) or fenofibrate (FF). Thirty days later, serum and hepatic glucose was measured. In addition, the glucose levels of liver supernatants stored at 4°C or −20°C for 24 h were also determined for comparison. The concentrations of EtSF-S in chow diet were estimated on the basis of crude herbal material (SF seed). Values given are the mean ± SD, with N = 10. , vs. ND alone; ^†, ^†† vs. HFFD alone, ^## vs. the sample stared at −20°C.