An Updated Review on the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Aspergillus ruber and Aspergillus flavus and Exploring the Cytotoxic Potential of Their Isolated Compounds Using Virtual Screening

Table 1

The biological activities of both A. ruber and A. flavus.

Compound	Genus	Biological activity	References
Flavoglaucin (5)	A. ruber	Promising significant antiviral potential versus HSV-1 virus displaying EC50 value of 6.95 μM; Moderate cytotoxic effect versus Vero cell	[10]
Isodihydroauroglaucin (6)	A. ruber	Promising significant antiviral potential versus HSV-1 virus displaying EC50 value of 4.73 μM; Moderate cytotoxic effect versus Vero cell; Weak antibacterial effect	[10]
Tetrahydroauroglaucin (7)	A. ruber	Notable antibacterial activity	[11, 12]
Isoechinulin A (32)	A. ruber	Potent inhibition to the growth of silkworm larvae	[14, 15, 21]
Compounds (35-36)	A. ruber	Potent inhibition to the growth of silkworm larvae	[14, 15, 21]
Kojic acid (37)	A. flavus	Promising whitening agent for the skin	[24].
Tannase enzyme	A. ruber	Treatment of tannery effluents; Production of gallic acid	[22]
Total extract	A. flavus	Potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against many common human pathogens.; Promising antioxidant activity manifested by its free radical scavenging behavior towards DPPH·; Effective inhibition of RBC hemolysis by 70% (at 2 mg/mL of the crude extract) comparable to 78% inhibition elicited by ibuprofen	[26]
Amino peptidases	A. flavus	Functional potential of protein products and develop flavor to cheese	[27]