Effects of Postoperative Rehabilitation on Gait Parameters and Electromyography Variables in Acute and Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Football Players

Table 2

Kinematic variables of a-ACLR, c-ACLR, and control groups.

Group	Baseline	8 weeks	6 months	12 months	value
Cadence (steps/min)
a-ACLR	40.2 ± 08.2	55.2 ± 09.2	72.1 ± 04.5	85.3 ± 08.2	0.001
c-ACLR	58.6 ± 07.5	65.3 ± 12.5	72.6 ± 10.2	82.6 ± 09.2	0.001
Control	85.6 ± 13.5	86.6 ± 13.5	89.3 ± 10.5	90.2 ± 11.2	0.768
value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	—
Step length (cm)
a-ACLR	280.5 ± 12.4	310.5 ± 12.2	345.2 ± 10.8	320.7 ± 11.8	0.001
c-ACLR	310.5 ± 10.4	324.8 ± 08.2	342.2 ± 12.2	360.4 ± 13.4	0.001
Control	362.5 ± 12.5	363.5 ± 10.5	364.5 ± 12.5	366.5 ± 10.1	0.849
value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	—
Step width (cm)
a-ACLR	27.8 ± 05.4	25.2 ± 03.4	23.0 ± 05.8	22.2 ± 06.2	0.254
c-ACLR	25.9 ± 03.2	23.9 ± 05.6	22.0 ± 03.6	22.5 ± 04.3	0.127
Control	23.2 ± 05.6	22.5 ± 08.6	22.3 ± 07.1	22.2 ± 05.6	0.984
value	0.081	0.576	0.653	0.717	—
Double support (% of gait)
a-ACLR	15.61 ± 4.8	14.28 ± 3.6	12.28 ± 3.2	11.22 ± 7.8	0.431
c-ACLR	16.39 ± 3.6	15.82 ± 4.8	12.52 ± 2.9	11.57 ± 3.4	0.521
Control	12.52 ± 2.9	12.32 ± 2.2	12.11 ± 0.8	11.32 ± 0.6	0.434
value	0.082	0.081	0.525	0.899	—
Swing phase (% of gait)
a-ACLR	54.22 ± 3.1	51.01 ± 2.7	46.36 ± 4.1	44.22 ± 3.5	0.001
c-ACLR	50.71 ± 2.8	48.22 ± 3.6	46.21 ± 3.1	44.92 ± 2.2	0.001
Control	44.21 ± 2.8	43.86 ± 1.9	43.01 ± 1.8	43.01 ± 2.5	0.474
value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.027	—