Shenfu Injection: A Famous Chinese Prescription That Promotes HCN4 Activity in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Figure 3

The ultrastructure of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) observed with a transmission electron microscope. In the normal saline group, the nuclei of the BMSCs, which had clear nucleoli and nuclear membranes, were positioned on one side. In the Shenfu Injection-treated group, differentiation of BMSCs was conspicuous, evidenced by rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased mitochondria, cell expansion, and increased stromal vesicles. In the overexpressed HCN4 group, the nuclei were larger, the membrane structure was intact, and there was a clear increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and stromal vesicles compared with those of the control group. Scale bar: 2 μm.