Influence of Intragastric Administration of Traditional Japanese Medicine, Ninjin’Yoeito, on Cerebral Blood Flow via Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Figure 1

Spatial-temporal changes in cerebral cortex blood flow following intragastric administration of distilled water (DW) (a) and 1 g/kg of ninjin’yoeito (NYT) solution (b). Blood flow images of the dorsal aspect of the mouse cerebral cortex acquired with a laser-speckle contrast imaging system and the obtained images are averaged every 10 min (upper panels in (a) and (b)). The percentage change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) is calculated by dividing each image following intragastric administration by a preadministration image (lower panels in (a) and (b)). Preadmin, preadministration; t = 10–20, an averaged image obtained at 10–20 min following the commencement of intragastric administration; t = 50–60, an averaged image obtained at 50–60 min following the commencement of administration. Summary of 10 min CBF value is extracted by a region of interest on the right parietal cortex (c), (e). The location of a region of interest (1.5 mm in diameter) is shown as circles in the images in the upper panels of (a) and (b). The CBF change (%) with respect to the preadministration value was calculated (d), (f). The time of administration starting at 0 min is indicated by an arrow in each graph and a thick horizontal line on the time axis. Each dot (●) at each time point in panels (d) and (f) indicates the data of an individual mouse. and vs. preadministration value, tested by Dunn’s test. CBF change (%) between the beginning of administration (0 min) and the end of the measurement (60 min) was averaged and compared (g). In panel (g), a box represents the median and 25%–75% range and whiskers indicate the minimum and the maximum values. vs. 0 g/kg; evaluated by Mann–Whitney test. The value was adjusted by Bonferroni’s method. n = 6 in each dose.

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