Ginsenoside Rg1 Reduces Oxidative Stress Via Nrf2 Activation to Regulate Age-Related Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fate Switch Between Osteoblasts and Adipocytes

Figure 4

Rg1 concentration-dependently promotes osteogenic differentiation of aging BMMSCs while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. Note: (a) Fabp4 and Ppar-γ level in BMMSCs with different Rg1 concentration was measured (n = 5). (b) Runx2 and Osx in BMMSCs with different Rg1 concentration was detected (n = 5). (c-d) Expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 through western blot. β-Actin was internal reference (n = 3). (e) Alizarin red staining and (h) quantification (n = 5). (f) ALP staining and (i) quantification of ODM-induced BMMSCs (n = 5). (g) Oil red O staining and (j) quantitative analysis (n = 5). Scale bar represents 100 μm (e), (f), (g), data represented by means ± SD in (a-d, h-j). (; one-way ANOVA).

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