Repeated Yueju, But Not Fluoxetine, Induced Sustained Antidepressant Activity in a Mouse Model of Chronic Learned Helplessness: Involvement of CaMKII Signaling in the Hippocampus

Figure 2

Depression-related behavioral effects after fluoxetine or Yueju treatment following chronic learned helplessness procedure. The timeline of the chronic learned helplessness (cLH) procedure is illustrated (a). Control animals (CTL) received vehicle treatment and no training, and animals exposed to cLH received administration of vehicle (Veh), Yueju (YJ), or fluoxetine (Flx) for 21 days. ((b) and (c)) Escape failures and latency to escape were measured on days 7, 21, and 26 following the 3-day plus 2 intermittent training sessions. There were significant treatment effects on latency (F (3, 44) = 4.924 for day 7, F (3, 41) = 11.08 for day 21, and F (3, 41) = 10.37 for day 26, ) and escape failures (F (3, 41) = 4.669 for day 7, F (3, 41) = 5.990 for day 21, and F (3, 41) = 7.559 for day 26, ). (d) Immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) (F (3, 42) = 4.966, for day 21, F (3, 40) = 3.501, for day 26) and food consumption (F (3, 39) = 5.240, for day 21, F (3, 30) = 6.030, for day 26) in the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSF) were measured for 10 minutes (e). Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. , compared to CTL; , compared to Veh (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test). n = 8–12/group.

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