Systemic Administration of Neutral Electrolyzed Saline as a Novel Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Reduces Mechanical and Inflammatory Damage to the Joints: Preclinical Evaluation in Mice

Table 4

Pairwise comparison of histopathological scores with the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Histopathological scores	H vs. NES20	H vs. NES40	H vs. P	P vs. NES20	P vs. NES40	NES20 vs. NES40
Cartilage damage	0.011	0.004	0.007	0.046	0.046	0.234
Bone erosion	0.015	0.006	0.005	0.033	0.006	0.748
Excess tissue formation	0.008	0.007	0.007	0.257	0.157	0.763
Pannus formation	0.016	0.007	0.006	0.008	0.020	0.336
Ectopic chondrocytes	0.023	0.007	0.006	0.068	0.480	0.260
Inflammation	0.006	0.004	0.006	0.034	0.010	0.058
Synovitis grading	0.007	0.007	0.007	0.020	0.011	0.678

H: healthy group; : placebo group (physiological saline solution); NES 20 : neutral electrolyzed saline 20 µl/d; NES 40 : neutral electrolyzed saline 40 µl/d. Scoring system by Tseng H–W et al. (2016); histopathological synovitis score by Krenn et al. (2002). Two-tailed values are shown.