Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Cultured Primary Rat Astrocyte by Improving Mitochondrial Function and Regulating the ERK Signaling Pathway

Figure 3

Curcumin pretreatments alleviated loss of cell viability and increased oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in primary rat astrocyte. (a) Summary of data presenting astrocyte proliferation using the CCK8 test. (b, c) Summary of data presenting intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels with commercial kits. (d) Summary of data presenting intracellular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. (e) Summary of data presenting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with flow cytometry. Versus control group, , , , respectively; versus OGD/R group, #, ^##, and ^###. (n = 3). OD = optical density.

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