[Retracted] Establishment of Difficult Caudal Epidural Blockade Prediction Model

<div>From October 31<sup>st</sup>, 2018, to March 31<sup>st</sup>, 2019, we enrolled a total of 377 patients scheduled for anorectal surgery in three phases. In the development cohort (phase one), we included 215 patients were included, among whom we excluded 13 patients with teratoma (<i>n</i> = 1), coagulation defects (<i>n</i> = 6), infection at the puncture site (<i>n</i> = 2), and those who refused CEB (<i>n</i> = 4). In the validation cohort (phase two), we included 90 patients, among whom we excluded 3 patients were excluded according to the exclusion criteria (2 for coagulation defects and one for refusing CEB). We finally included 202 and 87 patients in the development and validation cohort, respectively. In the third phase, we included 72 patients with a pDCEB score ≥3 and finally included 32 patients in the Ultrasound (Us) group and 36 in the Landmark (Lm) group after exclusion.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 1

Figure 1: [Retracted] Establishment of Difficult Caudal Epidural Blockade Prediction Model 